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Blatchley,  Willis  Stanley. 

j|  A  catalogue  of  the  butterflies 
if  known  to  occur  in  Indiana. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY,  IRVINE 


BUITE  W  *  OF 


* 


BLATCH  LEIV 


(From  the  Seventeenth   Report  on  the  Geology  and   Natural   History 
of  Indiana,  pp.  365-4O8). 


A  CATALOGUE 

OF  THE 

BUTTERFLES 

KNOWN   TO 

Occur  in  Indiana. 

BYW.S.  BLATCHLEY,A.  M. 


BIOLOGICAL  LABORATORY,  TEEEE  HAUTE  HIGH  SCHOOL, 
TEEEE  HAUTE,  INDIA  X  A. 


-^i  1  8  9 


INDIANAPOLIS: 

WM.   B.  BURFORD.  LITHOGRAPHER,  PRINTER  AND   BINDEF 

1892. 


•gst 


A   CATALOGUE   OF  THE    BUTTERFLIES    KNOWN    TO 
OCCUR  IN   INDIANA. 


BY    W.    S.    BLATCHLEY,    TERRE   HAUTE,    IND. 


So  far  as  can  be  ascertained  no  attempt  has  heretofore  been  made  to 
catalogue  the  Diurnal  Lepidoptera,  or  Butterflies,  found  in  Indiana. 
Quite  a  number  of  persons  have  collected  in  various  counties  of  the 
State,  yet,  as  far  as  known,  but  two  local  lists  have  been  published. 
One,  "A  List  of  the  Butterflies  of  Decatur  County,  Indiana,"  by  "W. 
P.  Shannon,  was  read  by  title  before  the  Academy  of  Science,  at  Indi" 
anapolis,  in  December,  1887,  and  hectograph  copies  were  afterward  dis- 
tributed by  the  author.  The  list  contained  the  names  of  forty  species, 
taken  in  the  county  mentioned.  The  other  list  was  prepared  by  the 
present  writer,  and  published  in  the  Hoosier  Naturalist,  of  November 
and  December,  1886,  under  the  title  of  "Some  Southern  Indiana  But- 
terflies." It  contained  the  names  of,  and  brief  notes  concerning,  fifty- 
three  species  taken  in  Monroe  and  Brown  counties.  Since  1886  the 
writer  has  collected  more  or  less  each  season  in  various  parts  of  the 
State,  especially  in  Putnam,  Wabash  and  Vigo  counties,  where  a  num- 
ber of  interesting  and  rare  species  have  been  taken.  During  my  study 
of  butterflies  I  have  often  felt  the  need  of  a  catalogue  of  those  species 
known  to  occur  in  the  State,  and  believing  that  such  a  work  would  be 
of  some  value  to  future  collectors,  the  present  paper  has  been  prepared. 
It  comprises  108  species  that  have  been  taken  within  the  boundaries  of 
the  State — no  species  being  included  except  upon  good  authority.  Of 
these,  81  are  in  the  writer's  collection,  and  were  taken  in  the.  counties 
above  mentioned,  or  in  Lagrange,  Kosciusko  or  Montgomery  counties. 

The  remaining  27  species  are  in  the  collections  of  W.  H.  Edwards,  of 
Coalburg,  West  Virginia ;  S.  G.  Evans,  of  Evansville,  Indiana ;  C.  E. 
Worthington,  of  Chicago,  Illinois ;  or  Geo.  C.  Hubbard,  of  Madison, 
Indiana.  Mr.  Edwards,  who  is  one  of  the  leading  authorities  upon  but- 
terflies in  the  United  States,  has  received  specimens  from  several  persons 
in  the  State,  chief  among  whom  are  the  late  Dr.  G.  M.  Levette,  of  Indi- 
anapolis, and  W.  C.  Gallager,  of  Ross,  and  he  kindly  furnished  me  a 
list  of  those  in  his  collection  from  Indiana. 


Mr  Evans  has  one  of  the  finest  private  collections  in  the  State,  and 
has  taken  several  species  in  Vanderburgh  County,  which  have  not  been 
taken  elsewhere  within  our  limits,  among  them  the  large  and  beautiful 
Argynnu  diana.  Mr.  Worthington  has  collected  extensively  in  Lake 
County,  where  many  rare  species  occur,  and  his  list  and  notes  have 
added  materially  to  the  value  of  the  catalogue.  To  the  above  named 
gentlemen,  as  well  as  to  a  number  of  others  from  whom  information  was 
derived,  which  is  duly  acknowledged  in  the  proper  places,  my  especial 
thanks  are  due. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  counties  mentioned,  in  addition  to  those  of 
Gibson,  Randolph  and  Fayette,  from  which  lists  have  been  received, 
represent  fairly  well  all  portions  of  the  State ;  yet  twenty-three  addi- 
tional species  are  given  in  Mr.  Edward's  Catalogue  of  the  Butterflies  of 
North  America,  whose  range  includes  or  approaches  Indiana,  but  which, 
as  far  as  known,  have  not  been  taken  within  our  limits,  and,  therefore, 
are  not  included  in  the  present  catalogue.  Moreover,  ihe  known  distri- 
bution within  the  State  of  a  number  of  the  species  taken  is  much  more 
limited  than  it  should  be ;  hence  additions  to  the  catalogue,  as  well  as 
information  with  regard  to  extension  of  range  within  the  State,  are 
earnestly  requested  and  will  be  duly  acknowledged. 

To  make  the  catalogue  as  valuable  as  possible  to  future  collectors,  not 
only  has  the  known  range  of  each  species  within  the  State  been  given, 
but  also  its  favorite  place  of  resort  and  the  season  at  which  it  is  most 
abundant,  together  with  any  other  information  regarding  variation  or 
habits  which  it  was  thought  would  be  of  interest.  Prof.  G.  H.  French 
in  his  manual  of  "The  Butterflies  of  the  Eastern  United  States,"  has 
treated  of  the  habits  of  the  larvae  of  most  of  the  species,  but  has  said  but 
little  about  the  habits  of  the  mature  insects.  To  the  student  of  Indiana 
butterflies  this  catalogue  will  perhaps  serve  as  an  accessory  to  French's 
work,  and  hence  little  or  nothing  is  said  of  the  larvae. 

The  nomenclature  adopted  is  that  of  Edward's  "Revised  Catalogue 
of  the  Diurnal  Lepidoptera  of  America  North  of  Mexico,"  published  in 
the  Transactions  of  the  American  Entomological  Society  for  1884.  The 
number  in  parenthesis  before  each  name  is  that  of  the  species  in  the 
catalogue  cited. 

Finally,  I  have  thought  it  best  to  include  the  synonymy  of  each  of 
the  species  which  is  treated  of  in  the  works  which  the  student  of  Indiana 
butterflies  will  be  most  likely  to  possess  and  to  which  I  have  had  access 
in  preparing  the  eatalogue.  Those  works  are  the  following : 

Edwards,  W.  H. — "Butterflies  of  North  America."  Volumes  I 
and  II. 

French,  G.  H.—"  Lepidoptera,  or  Butterflies  and  Moths,"  in  the. 
Seventh  Report  of  the  State  Entomologist  of  Illinois,  1878.  The  But- 
terflies of  the  Eastern  United  States,  1886. 


Harris,  Dr.  T.  W. — A  Treatise  on  some  of  the  Insects  Injurious  to 
Vegetation.  Third  Edition,  1862.  (Of  the  54  species  of  butterflies 
described  in  this  most  excellent  work,  51  have  been  found  in  Indiana.) 

Mead,  T.  L. — "Report  upon  the  Collection  of  Diurnal  Lepidoptera," 
in  the  Report  of  the  Wheeler  Survey,  V.  1875. 

Morris,  J.  G. — Synopsis  of  the  Described  Lepidoptera  of  North 
America,  1862. 

Packard,  A.  S.— Guide  to  the  Study  of  Insects,  Eighth  Edition,  1883. 

Riley,  0.  V. — Report  of  the  Entomologist,  in  the  United  States  Agri- 
cultural Report,  for  1883. 

Scudder,  Samuel  H. — The  Butterflies  of  the  Eastern  United  States 
and  Canada.  Volumes  I,  II  and  III.  1889.  (Volume  III  contains 
the  plates  ) 

Thomas,  Cyrus  H. — "  Cabbage  Insects  ;  "  in  the  Ninth  Report  of  the 
State  Entomologist  of  Illinois,  1880. 

Wood,  J.  G. — "Insects  at  Home,"  1873. 

Blatchley,  W.  S. — "Some  Indiana  Butterflies,"  in  Indiana  Farmer, 
Vols.  21  and  22. 

"Some  Southern  Indiana  Butterflies,"  in  Booster  Naturalist,  Novem- 
ber and  December,  1886. 


PAPIIAOKE. 
PAP1LIO,  Linnseus. 

1.     (1.)     PAPILIO  AJAX,  L.     Ajax  Butterfly.     The  Zebra  Swallow-tail. 
PapUioajax,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  8,  351.     (Form  ivakhii, 

Edw.) 
Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  I,  1871,  pis.   1,  2,  3.     (All 

forms.) 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  135. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  84.     (All  forms.) 
Blatchley,  Indiana  Farmer,  Oct.  9,  1886. 
Iphiclides  ajax,  Scudder,  But,  E.  U.  8.  and  Can.,  1889,  II,  1264; 

III,  pis.  15,  26,  66,  76,  85. 

Papilio  marcellns,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  9.     (Form  marcdlm, 
Bd.; 


The  three  forms,  irafe/m,  Edw  ;  telamonides,  Feld.,  and  marcellus,  Bd., 
are  doubtless  found  throughout  the  State.  All  have  been  taken  by  the 
writer  in  Monroe  and  Vigo  counties.  Of  the  three,  marcellus  is  much  (he 
more  common,  walshii  being  comparatively  scarce,  though  Edwards,  loc. 
cit.  p.  9,  says  "  that  Dr.  G.  M.  Levette  has  taken  it  abundantly  in  the 
month  of  April  near  Indianapolis."  The  food  plant  is  pawpaw.  The 
butterfly  frequents  open  woods  and  winters  in  chrysalid. 

2.  (2.)     PAPILIO  PHILENOR,  L.     The  Philenor  Butterfly.     The  Blue 

Swallow-tail. 
Papilw phileiwr,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  6. 

French,  Seventh  Kept.  State  En  to.  of  111.,  1878, 

136. 

Id.,  But.,  E.   LI.  S,,  1886,  86,  figs.  11,  12,  13. 
Packard,   Guide  to  Study  of  Insects,   8th  ed., 

1883,  248. 

Blatchley,  Ind.  Farm.,  Oct.  9,  1886. 
Lcertias  phttenvr,  Scudder,  But.   E.   U.   S.  and   Can  ,    1889,  II, 

1241 ;  III,  pis.  16,  26,  66,  76,  85. 

Throughout  the  State.  The  larvae  are  said  to  feed  upon  the  different 
species  of  Aristolochia,  or  pipe  vine,  but  the  plants  of  that  genus  are  rare 
in  Indiana,  whereas  the  butterfly  is  a  common  one,  hence  there  must  be 
some  other  food  plant.  Found  from  May  1,  to  September  20,  in 
open  woods  and  pastures.  According  to  Riley,  another  food  plant  of  the 
larvae  is  Asarum  canadense,  or  wild  ginger,  a  common  plant  on  rich  hill- 
sides in  Indiana. 

3.  (12.)     PAPILIO    ASTERIAS,    Fab.     The    Asterias    Butterfly.      The 

Black  Swallow-tail. 
Papilio  asterids,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  5. 

Harris,    Insects   Injur.    to  Veg.,  3d    Ed.,   1862, 

265,  PI.  IV. 
French,  Seventh  Kept.  State  Ento.  of  111.,  1878, 

137. 

Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  89.     Figs.  14,  15,  16. 
Packard,  Guide      8th  Ed.,  1883,  245. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farm..  Oct.  9,  1886. 
Papilw  polyxenes.  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.    and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

1353;  III,  pis.  8,  27,  66,  76,  85. 

This  handsome  Papilio  inhabits  all  parts  of  the  State,  but  next  to  P. 
cresphontes  is  the  least  common  member  of  the  genus  found  with  us.  Its 
larva  is  the  well-known  carrot  or  parsnip  worm  found  on  the  various  wild 
'and  cultivated  species  of  Umbelliferce. 

The  butterfly  is  most  common  in  July  and  August,  in  open  woods,  es- 
pecially those  containing  thistles.  It  winters  in  the  chrysalid,  the  first 
ones  appearing  about  May  15. 


-4.     (13.)     PAPILIO  TROILUS,  L.     The   Troilus   Butterfly.     The   Green 

Clouded  Swallow-tail. 

Papilio  troilus,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.  to  Veg.,  1862,  3d  Ed.,  266. 
Morris,  Lep.  K  A.,  1862,  5 
French,  Sev.  Rep.  State  Ento.  of  111.,  1878,  138. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  93. 
Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  247. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  Oct.  9,  1886. 

Euphceades  troilus,  Scudder,  But,  E.   U.  8.  and  Can. ,  1889,  II, 
1313 ;  III,  pis.  8,  27,  66,  76,  85. 

The  larvse  of  this  species  feed  upon  the  leaves  of  the  sassafras,  Sassafras 
•ojficinak,  Nees,  and  the  spice  bush,  Lindera  Benzoin,  Bl,,  and  the  butter- 
fly is  common  wherever  those  plants  are  found.  There  are  two  broods 
each  season,  and  the  winter  is  passed  in  the  chrysalis  state. 

It  frequents  roadsides  and  open  pastures  in  company  with  P.  philenor, 
and  may  be  taken  from  May  1  to  Oct.  10. 

Specimens  are  frequently  taken  which  expand  four  inches,  and  many 
have  the  inner  row  of  spots  on  upper  surface  of  hind  wings  obsolete. 
The  orange  anal  spot  of  this  row  is,  however,  always  present. 

5.     (15.)     PAPILIO   TURNUS,   L.      Tbe    Turnus   Butterfly.     The   Tiger 

Swallow-tail. 

Papilio  turnus,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  268,  figs.  97,  98. 
Morris,  Lep/ N.  A.,  1862,  2. 
French,  Sev.  Rep.  State  Ento.  111.,  1878,  139. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  97,  figs.  17,  18,  19. 
Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  II.   1884,  7,  pis.  3,  4,  5. 

(All  forms.) 

Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  247. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  Oct.  9,  1886. 
Jasvniades  glaucus,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

1288;  III,  pis.  8,  13,  26,  66,  76,  85. 
Papilio  glaucus,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  2. 

(Dimor.  form  glaucus,  L.) 

Frequent  in  all  parts  of  the  State  from  May  15  till  October.  In  May 
and  June  it  is  often  seen  in  the  vicinity  of  streams  and  along  the  bor- 
ders of  thickets ;  later  on  it  is  more  abundant  about  thistle  patches 
in  open  woods.  The  larvae  feed  upon  a  number  of  plants,  chief  among 
which  are :  ash,  tulip  or  poplar,  cherry,  apple,  and  the  various  species  of 
Oraetagm  or  hawthorne.  The  dimorphic  female  form,  glaucus,  L. ,  is 
southern  in  its  range,  but  has  been  taken  in  the  State  as  far  north  as 
Kosciusko  County.  It  is  usually  rare  where  found,  no  more  than  one  or 
two  specimens  having  been  seen  or  taken  in  any  one  locality,  except  in 
the  vicinity  of  Evansville,  Vanderburgh  County.  Of  its  distribution 


6 

there  Mr.  Evans  says:  "It  is  quite  common,  and  presents  many  curi- 
ous examples  of  black  and  yellow  blended  and  mixed  in  the  same  insect. 
I  took  one  in  which  the  left  wing  and  half  body  were  yellow,  and  the 
right,  black.  I  saw  another  last  season  that  seemed  to  be  equally  black 
and  yellow,  the  two  colors  being  almost  evenly  distributed  over  the  whole 
insect.  There  are  about  half  as  many  glaucm  as  turnw  in  the  county." 
In  Indiana  turnus  is  double  brooded  and  winters  in  the  chrysalis. 

6.     (20.)     PAPILIO  CRESPHONTES,  Cram.      The  Cresphontes  Butterfly. 

The  Giant  Swallow-tail. 
Papilio  eresphontes,  French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  139. 

Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  101,  figs.  20,  21,  22. 
Heradides  ffrespkmdes,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,   1889, 

II,  1334;  III,  pis.  14,  27,  66,  76,  85. 
Papilio  tfwas,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  7. 

This  is  our  largest  and  rarest  Papilio.  Its  range,  as  given  by  Edwards, 
is  "  Southern  and  Western  States,  but  moving  east  and  north  "  It  is  re- 
ported as  rare  by  most  of  the  persons  who  have  sent  in  lists.  During  the 
six  years  which  the  writer  has  collected  in  the  State  he  has  seen  but  two 
living  specimens,  one  in  Montgomery,  the  other  in  Wabash  County. 
The  food  plants  of  the  larvse,  Ptelea  trifoliata,  L.,  and.  Xanthoxylum 
Americanum,  Mill  (Hop  tree  and  Prickly  Ash),  are  not  rare  in  Monroe 
and  Vigo  Counties,  yet  the  butterfly  has  not  been  seen  in  either,  although 
a  constant  outlook  has  been  kept  for  it.  Where  found  it  is  usually  near 
streams,  and  flies  swiftly  and  high  in  air,  thus  rendering  its  capture 
difficult. 


PIERIN^E. 
PIERIS,  Schrank. 

(35.)     PIERIS  PROTODICE,  Bd.-Lec.     The  Southern  Cabbage  But- 
terfly.    The  Chequered  White. 
Pieris  protodice,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  17,  317. 

Packard,   Ninth  Rep.   U.    S.   Geol.   and  Geog. 

Survey,  1877,  750. 
Id.,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  249. 
French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  141,  figs. 

32,  33. 

Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  107,  figs.  23,  24,  25. 
Thomas,  Ninth  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1880,  25,  33. 
Riley,  U.  S.  Agr.  Rep.,  1883, 114,  pi.  X,  figs.  2, 
3,4. 


Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  Oct.  9,  1886. 
Id.,  Hoos.  Nat.  II,  Nov.,  1886,  42. 
Pontia  protodice,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.   S.   and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

1163 ;  III,  pis.  7,  16,  26,  65,  76,  84. 

The  two  forms  of  this  species,  protodice,  Bd.-Lec.  and  vernalis,  Edw., 
are  found  all  over  the  State,  but  they  are  much  less  common  than  P. 
rapce,  L.  It  has  almost  the  same  habits  as  the  latter,  but  is  more  often 
found  at  a  distance  from  cultivated  grounds.  It  winters  in  the  pupa 
state,  first  appearing  as  imago  about  April  15,  -and  may  be  taken  as 
late  as  November  1.  Food,  plants,  cabbage,  turnip  and  sweet  alyssum. 
There  are  three  broods  each  season,  and  in  Vigo  County,  in  the  spring 
of  1891,  large  numbers  of  the  first  brood  were  seen  mating  on  April  18. 

8.  (36.)     PIERIS  NAPI  OLRRACEA-AESTIVA,  Harris.     The  Turnip  But- 

terfly.    The  Gray  Veined  White. 
Pontia  okracea,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  270,  fig.  99. 
Pieris  oleracea,  Harris,  Morris,  Lep    N.  A.,  1$62,  19. 
Scudder,  Morris,  loc.  cit. ,  315. 
French,  Sev.  Rep.  State  Ento.  Ill  ,  1878,  143. 
Thomas,  Ninth  Kept.  State  Ento.  111.,  1880,  26. 
Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  249,  fig.  182. 
Riley,  U.  S.  Agr.  Kept.,  1883,  115,  pi.  X,  fig.  5. 
Scudder,  But.   E.  U.  S.    and    Can.,    1889,    II, 

1191  ;  III,  pis.  7,  13,  26,  65,  76,  84. 
Pieris  napi  okracea-aestiva,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S. ,  112. 
This  species  of  many  names  is  represented  sparingly  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  State  by  the  above  named  variety,  the  range  of  which  is 
given  by  Edwards  as  New  York  to  Michigan. 

Specimens  in  the  writer's  collection  were  taken  by  Mr.  A.  B.  Ulrey 
in  Kosciusko  County,  in  the  summer  of  1890.  Food  plants — cabbage, 
turnip,  radish,  etc. 

9.  (38.)     PIERIS  RAP.E,  L.     The  Cabbage  Butterfly. 

Pieris  rapce,  Packard,  Ninth.  Kept.  U.  S.  Geol.  and  Geog.  Survey 

of  the  Terr.,  1877,  746,  fig.  18. 
French,  Sev.  Kept,  State  Ento.  111.,  1878,  144. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  114,  figs.  28,  29,  30. 
Thomas,  Ninth  Kept.  State  Ento.  Ill,,  1880,  8,  31, 

figs.  1,  2. 

Riley,  U.  S.  Agr.  Rept.,  1883,  108,  pi.  I. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  Oct.  9,  1886. 
Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II,  1205; 

III,  pis.  7,  16,  65,  76,  84. 


8 

Found  in  large  numbers  throughout  the  State,  and  is  our  most  injurious 
butterfly,  the  larvse  literally  destroying  the  cabbage  crop  in  many  locali- 
ties. It  winters  in  the  pupa  state  and  the  first  ones  appear  about  April  1 , 
from  which  date  until  heavy  frosts  it  may  be  taken.  It  is  most  abundant 
in  Central  Indiana,  about  July  1,  when  the  second  brood  appears.  In  the 
southern  part  of  the  State  a  third  brood  appears  about  September  10, 
the  pupse  of  which  survive  the  winter.  In  this  country  P.  rapce  is  preyed 
upon  by  one  dipterous  parasite,  Exoride  hirsuta;  and  by  two  hymenopter- 
ous  parasites,  Pteromalus  puparum  and  Apanieles  glomeraius.  Sometimes 
as  many  as  one  hundred  eggs  of  one  of  these  parasites  are  deposited 
within  the  body  of  a  single  caterpillar,  and  the  number  of  larvse  of 
P.  rapce  which  they  prevent  from  reaching  the  perfect  state,  during  a 
single  season,  is  an  enormous  one. 

NATHALIS,    Boisduval. 

10.  (39.)     NATHALIS  IOLE,  Bd. 

Nathalie  iok,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  22. 

Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp.,  V.  1875,  747. 
French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  116,  fig.  31. 
Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  III,  1842. 
Nathalis  Irene,  (Fitch),  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  22,  351. 
This  butterfly  has  been  taken  only  in  Jeflersou,  Lake  and  Vander- 
burgh  counties.     In  the  latter  Mr.  Evans  reports  it  as  found  only  one 
season  in  November.     Its  range  as  given  by  Edwards  is  "Illinois,  Mis- 
souri and  westward."     F»iod  plant  of  larva  unknown. 

ANTHOCHARIS,  Boisduval. 

11.  (43.)     ANTHOCHARIS  OLYMPIA,  Edw. 

Anthocharui  olympia,  Edw.  But.  N.  A.,  II,  1884,  77,  pi    16. 

French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  117. 
SyncMoe  olympia,  Scudder.  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  III, 

1844. 

Occurs  in  small  numbers  about  Whitings,  Lake  County,  during  the 
first  half  of  May,  where  it  has  been  taken  by  Mr.  Chas.  E.  Wortbiugton, 
of  Chicago.  It  frequents  cultivated  grounds,  gardens  and  meadows. 
Food  plant,  unknown. 

12.  (53.)     ANTHOCHARIS  GENUTIA,  Fab.     The  Falcate  Orange-tip. 

Anthocharis  genutia,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  20. 

Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  II,  1884,  83,  pi.  17. 
French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  118. 
Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II, 
1147;  III,  pis.  15,  26,  65,  76,  84. 


Vanderburgh  County,  by  Evans.  "This  pretty  species  is  single 
brooded  and  flies  in  spring.  The  eggs  are  laid  upon  the  species  of 
Cardamine  and  other  Cruciferce,  but  the  life  history  of  the  larvae  is  not 
well  known.  It  flies  low  and  swiftly,  with  a  peculiar  tremulous  motion, 
and  is  readily  distinguished  from  other  Pierids  by  its  flight  as  well  as  by 
the  conspicuous  coloring  of  the  male."  EDWARDS,  loc.  cit. 

CALLIDRYAS,  Boisduval. 

13.  (54.)     CALLIDRYAS    EUBULE,    Linn.     The    Danewort    Butterfly. 

The  Cloudless  Sulphur. 
Callidryas  eubule,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A. ,  1862,  25. 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ento.  111.,  1878,  147. 

Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  119. 

Scudder,    But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,   II, 

1053 ;  III,  pis.  15,  25,  65,  76,  84. 

A  beautiful  butterfly,  whose  range  is  southern,  and  which  is  reported 
only  from  Vanderburgh  County,  where  Mr.  Evans  takes  from  one  to  a 
half  dozen  almost  every  season,  in  open  woods  during  July  and  August. 
Food  plant,  the  different  species  of  Cassia  or  Wild  Senna. 

14.  (56.)     CALLIDRYAS  PHILEA,  L. 

Callidryas  philea,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  350. 

(Note  by  W.  H.  Edwards.) 
French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  124. 
Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  III, 

1833. 

A  single  specimen  of  the  above  species  has  been  taken  in  Jefferson 
County  by  Mr.  Hubbard.  It  has  been  reported  heretofore  only  from 
Texas,  Illinois  and  Wisconsin. 

COLIAS,  Fabricius. 

15.  (62.)     COLIAS  CAESONIA,  Stoll.     Dog's  Head  Butterfly. 

Colias  caesonia,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  27. 

French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  127,  fig.  32. 
Zer&ne  caesonia,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  III, 

1836. 

This  beautiful  Colias  has  been  taken  only  along  the  western  border  of 
the  State.  It  is  reported  as  frequent  in  Vanderburgh  and  Lake 
counties.  In  Vigo  County,  in  the  latter  half  of  October,  1887,  three 
or  four  specimens  were  taken  from  the  vicinity  of  ponds  in  the  Wabash 
River  bottoms,  but  it  has  not  been  seen  since.  The  larvae  feed  upon 
clover,  and  false  indigo,  Amorpha  fruticosa  L. 


10 

The  females,  which  are  on  the  wing  in  late  autumn,  have  the  under 
side  of  the  hind  wings  much  more  deeply  suffused  with  red  than  do  those 
which  fly  earlier  in  the  season. 

16.     (66.)     COLTAS  EUKYTHEME,  Bd.     The  Eury theme  Butterfly.     The 

Orange  Sulphur. 
Colias  eurytheme,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  29. 

Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  I,  18H9,  45,  pi.  14. 

Id.,  But.   K   A.,   II,  1884,  103,  pi.  21.     (All 

forms.) 

Mead,  Rep,  Wheeler  Exp.,  v.  1875,  748. 
French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ento.  Ill,  1878,  147. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  128.     (All  forms.) 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  Oct.  9,  1886. 
Eurymus  eurytheme,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

1126;  III,  pis.  15,  25,  65,  76,  84. 
Colias  keewaydin,  Edw.,  But.  N.  A.,  I,  1869,  49,-pl.  15. 
Colias  amphidusa,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  29. 
Colias  edusa,  Id.,  loc.  cit.,  27. 
Colias  chrysotheme,  Id.,  loc.  cit.,  28. 

The  two  forms,  eurytheme,  Bd.,  and  keewaydin,  Edw.,  occur  occasion- 
ally in  various  parts  of  the  State,  but  are  nowhere  common.  Keewaydin 
was  taken  by  the  writer  in  Monroe  County,  in  1887,  and  eurytheme  in 
Putnam  County  in  1890. 

It  winters,  according  to  Edwards,  in  both  imago  and  pupa  stage,  fre- 
quents meadows  and  roadsides,  and  is  most  common  in  July.  Food  plant, 
white  and  buffalo  clover. 

'  17.     (68.)     COLIAS  PHILODIOE,  Godt.     The  Sulphur  Yellow  Butterfly. 
Colias  philodice,  Harris,  Ins.  luj.  to  Veg.,  1862,  272,  figs.  100-102. 
Morris,  Lep.  N.  A. ,  1862,  29. 
French,  Sev   Rept.  State  Ento.,  111.,  1878,  147. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  133. 
Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  250. 
Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  II,  1884,  93,  pis.  1H,  20. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1886,  Oct.  9. 
Eurymus  philodice,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

1111;  III,  pis.  7,  13,  25,  65,  76,  84. 

This  is,  without  doubt,  the  most  common  butterfly  in  the  State,  being 
found  in  abundance  from  April  10  to  November.  In  May  and  June 
they  frequent  fields  of  clover,  upon  which  plant  the  larvje  feed,  but  later 
on  they  congregate  by  hundreds  about  muddy  places  in  the  roads,  and 
along  stream?.  The  white  female  form  is  often  seen,  but  is  much  less 
common  than  the  yellow. 


11 

The  species  varies  greatly,  and  that  young  collectors  may  not  look  upon 
some  of  its  forms  as  distinct  species,  I  quote  the  following,  slightly  mod- 
ified, from  Edwar.ds,  loc.  cit,  p.  97:  "They  vary  in  size  from  an  ex- 
panse of  1.3  to  2.6  inches;  in  color,  from  pale  sulphur  to  lemon  and 
bright  yellow;  in  the  breadth  of  the  black  border  from  .1  to  .3  inches; 
in  the  size  and  shape  of  discal  spot  on  primaries  and  secondaries ;  in  the 
color  of  the  under  surface,  and  in  the  row  of  extra  discal  spots  beneath, 
from  a  complete  series  across  both  wings  to  none  at  all."  Hibernates 
usually  as  pupa,  but  sometimes  as  larva.  There  are  three  broods  each 
season,  the  first  of  which,  in  Central  Indiana,  appears  about  April  25, 
the  other  two  in  the  latter  half  of  June  and  August,  respectively.  A 
few  individuals  have  been  seen  on  the  wing,  in  Vigo  County,  as  late  as 
November  5. 

TERIAS,  Swainson.    • 

18.  (86.)     TERIAS    NICIPPE,   Cram.     The    Nicippus    Butterfly.     The 

Black -bordered  Yellow. 
Terias  nicippe,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  33. 

Freuch,  Sev.  Kept.  State  Ent.  111.,  1878,  148. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  136,  fig.  33. 
Xanihidia  nicippe,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  H, 

1066;  III,  pis.  15,  26,  65,  76,  84. 

Throughout  the  southern  half  of  the  State,  but  not  .seen  by  the  writer, 
nor  reported  farther  north  than  Vigo  and  Fayette  counties.  Quite  fre- 
quent where  found,  and  especially  so  in  October  along  sandy  banks  where 
the  food  plants  of  the  larva,  the  various  species  of  Cassia,  or  Wild  Senna, 
are  abundant.  Specimens  on  the  wing  have  been  seen  in  the  city  of  Terre 
Haute  as  late  as  November  18,  and  it  probably  hibernates  as  a  but- 
terfly. 

19.  (90.)     TERIAS   LISA,  Bd.-Lec.     The  Lisa  Butterfly.     The  Little 

Sulphur. 
Terias  lisa,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  34. 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  State  Ento.  111.,  1878,  148. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  139. 
Eurema  lisa,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II,  1087; 

III,  pis.  7,  15,  26,  65,  76,  84. 

Although  this  little  Terias  is  said  by  French,  in  the  Seventh  111.  Re- 
port, loc.  cit.,  to  be  "one  of  the  most  con£c$ butterflies  that  flits  along 
roads  and  over  moist  places  during  the  sufim^r^end  fall  in  Southern  Illi- 
nois," yet  in  Indiana  it  has  been  noted  pnlv-  jA  l)ecatur,  Lake  and  Van- 
derburgh  counties,  in  the  latter  of  whjch  Mr.  [Evans  takes  "a  few  each 
season."  Food  plant,  clover  and  Cassi*,. 

- 


12 
NYMPHALID^E. 

DANAIN.E. 
DANAIS,  LatreiUe. 

20.     (94.)     DANAIS  ARCHIPPUS,  Fab.     The  Milkweed  Butterfly.     The 

Monarch. 

Danais  archippus,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  280. 
Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  38. 
French,  Sev.  Rep.  State  Ent.  111.,  1878,  149. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  144,  figs.  36-39. 
Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  251. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farm.,  1886,  Oct.  30. 
Anosia  plexippus,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  8.  and  Can.,  1889,  I,  720; 

III,  pis.  1,  16,  18,  64,  74,  83,  87. 

One  of  the  largest  and  most  common  butterflies  throughout  the  State. 
Most  abundant  about  June  1  and  September  10,  when  the  two  broods  of 
the  season,  respectively,  come  forth.  A  few  faded  individuals  may  be 
seen  in  April  as  the  imago  hibernates.  This  is  one  of  the  few  species 
the  members  of  which  flock  together  at  certain  periods,  usually  about 
September  20.  These  swarms  seem  to  be  composed  almost  wholly  of 
males,  and  in  Indiana  gather  about  the  leaves  and  branches  of  beech 
•,  trees.  The  reasons  for  these  gatherings  are,  up  to  the  present,  unknown. 
Food  plants  of  larvae,  the  various  species  of  milkweed  (Asclepias). 


NYMPHALIN^E. 
AGRAULIS,   Boisduval  and  LeConte. 

21.     (100.)     AGRAULIS  VANILLA,  Linn. 

Agraidu  vaniUce,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  40. 

French,  But.  E.  U.  8.,  1886,  148. 

%  udder,  But.  E.    U.  8.    and  Can.,  1889,  III, 
fl|4. 

A  handsome  species,  *biclLinhabits  the  Southern  States,  and  has  been 
taken  in  Indiana  onlv  iu. Vanllerburgh  County. 

The  food  plant  of  hjrv.v  i>  the  beautiful  Southern  Passion  Flower, 
Passiflora  incarnata,  L.  1  'Ntso  found  in  this  State  doubtless  fed  upon 
the  allied  species,  Passiflora  hit-ea,  L. 


13 

ARGYNNIS,  Fabricius. 

22.  (101.)     ARGYNNIS  IDALIA,  Drury.     The  Idalia  Butterfly.     The 

Regal  Fritillary.  , 

Argynnis  idalia,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  285,  fig.  110. 
Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  41. 
French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ento.  111.,  1878,  149. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  150. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1886.  Nov.  6. 
Speyeria  idalia,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  8.  and  Can.,  1889,  I,  535; 

III,  pis.  4,  12,  21,  64,  75,  84. 

This  fine  species  is  known  to  occur  in  but  four  counties  in  the  State, 
viz.,  Monroe,  Vanderburgh,  Fayette  and  Lake. 

It  emerges  from  the  chrysalid  formed  by  the  hibernating  larva  about 
July  1,  and  frequents  meadows  and  low  grounds  near  streams.  Its 
larvse,  as  well  as  the  larvae  of  all  other  members  of  the  genus,  feed  upon 
the  different  species  of  \yild  and  cultivated  violets. 

23.  (102.)     ARGYNNIS  DIANA,  Cram.     The  Diana  Butterfly. 

Argynnis  diana,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  42."    (Male  only.) 
Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  I,  1868,  63,  pi.  20. 
Id.,   But.   N.   A.,  II,   1884,  148,  pi.  29.     (Pre- 
paratory stages.) 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  State  Ento.  111.,  1878,  149. 
Id  ,  But..  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  153. 
Semnopsyche  diana,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  III, 

1799. 

This  large  and  beautiful  Argynnis  is  a  southern  species,  ranging  from 
West  Virginia  through  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  to  Arkansas,  but  is  no- 
where common.  Mr.  S.  G.  Evans,  of  Evansville,  Ind.,  has,  however, 
collected  them  in  the  vicinity  of  that  city  every  season  for  ten  or  twelve 
years.  He  takes  them  from  the  middle  of  June  to  the  middle  of  August, 
from  upland  meadows  and  borders  of  woods  This  is,  as  far  as  known, 
the  most  northern  station  at  which  the  species  has  been  found,  and  is  its 
only  record  in  the  State.  Like  the  other  members  of  its  genus,  it  is  single 
brooded,  the  larvse  feeding  on  violets  and  hibernating. 

24.  (107.)     ARGYNNIS   CYBELE,  Fab.      The  Cybele  Butterfly.      The 

Great  Spangled  Fritillary. 
Argynnis  cybele,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  42. 

Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  I,  1868,  67,  pi.  21. 
French,  Sev.  Rept.  State  Ent.  111.,  1878,  150. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S  ,  1886,  155. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farm.,  1886,  Nov.  6. 
Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  I,  554; 
III,  pis.  4,  21,  64,  75,  84. 


14 

Next  to  Colias  phUodice,  Godt  ,  this  is  the  most  common  butterfly  in 
Indiana  from  May  20  until  September.  In  any  clover  field  in  June  vast 
numbers  may  be  seen  gathering  honey  and  chasing  one  another  from 
«bloom  to  bloom.  In  July  and  August  they  are  to  be  found  wherever 
there  are  thistles  and  ironweeds.  During  the  latter  month  the  eggs  are 
laid,  and  by  the  middle  of  September  the  butterfly  has  almost  wholly 
disappeared.  The  larvae  pass  the  winter  beneath  sticks  and  pieces  of 
bark  in  the  vicinity  of  the  food  plant. 

25.  (108.)     ARGYNNIS  APHRODITE,  Fab.     Aphrodite  Butterfly.     The 

Silver  Spot  Fritillary. 

Argynnis  aphrodite,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  285,  fig.  111. 
Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  43. 
Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  I,  1868,  71,  pi.  22. 
French,  Sev.  Rep,  St.  Ento.  111.,  1878,  150. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U:  S.,  1886,  157,  fig.  40. 
Packard,  Guide,  8th- Ed.,  1883,  253,  fig.  183. 
Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1889,  I,  563;  in, 

pis.  4,  12,  21,  64,  72,  84. 

A.  aphrodite  has  been  noted  in  but  five  counties,  but  probably  occurs 
throughout  the  State,  being  confounded  Avith  cybele,  which  it  closely  re- 
semblesi.  It  may,  however,  be  easily  told  from  that  species  by  the  fol- 
lowing characters : 

Smaller  size  ;  less  brown  on  the  bases  of  the  upper  side  of  wings ;  nar- 
rower pale  band  near  outer  margin  of  under  side  of  hind  wings ;  nar- 
rower space  between  black  bands  on  outer  margin  of  fore  wings  above ; 
and  deeper  tint  of  ground  color,  approaching  a  red  It  frequents  the 
same  localities  as  A.  Cybele,  and  is  most  abundant,  where  found,  from 
June  25  till  August. 

26.  (109.)     ARGYNNIS  ALCESTIS,  Edw.     Alcestis  Butterfly. 

Argynnw  alcestis,  French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Euto.  111.,  1878,  150. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  158. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farm.,  Nov.  6,  1886. 
Id.,  Hoos.  Nat,  II.,  Nov.  1886,  12. 
Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  Ill,  p.  1802. 

In  Indiana  this  species  has  been  collected  in  but  two  counties — Lake, 
where  Worthiugton  reports  it  as  common ;  and  Monroe,  where  a  single 
specimen  was  taken  from  a  meadow  July  1,  1886.  From  above  it 
closely  resembles  A.  cybele,  but  on  the  under  side  the  hinder  wings  are 
dark  cinnamon  brown,  without  a  submargiual  yellow  band. 

It  is  probably  quite  common  on  the  prairies  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  State,  and  has  been  overlooked  heretofore. 


15 

27.  (112.)     ARGYNNIS  ATLANTIS,  Edw.     The  Mountain  Silver-spot. 

Argynnis  atlantis,  Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  I,  1868,  75,  pi.  24. 
Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp.,  V.  1875,  754. 
French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  160,  fig.  41. 
Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  262.  (Larvse 

and  pupse  described.) 
Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can., .1889,  I,  571  ; 

III,  pis.  4,  21,  61,  84. 

This  species  has  been  taken  in  the  two  widely  separated  counties  of 
Vanderburgh  (Evans)  and  Lake,  but  nowhere  else  in  the  State.  As  to 
its  distinguishing  characters,  I  quote  the  following  from  Edwards,  loc. 
cit.  :  "Atlantis  is  readily  distinguished  from  Aphrodite  by  its  smaller 
size,  duller  color,  broad  black  margins,  confluent  median  band  of  sec- 
ondaries and  color  of  same  wings  below  ;  also,  by  the  longer  and  nar- 
rower fore  wings.  It  is  rarely  to  be  seen  iu  the  open  country  where 
Aphrodite  abounds,  but  frequents  narrow  passes  in  the  mountains  and 
the  grass  fields  which  skirt  the  forests.  It  is  readily  attracted  by  any 
decaying  animal  matter,  and  a  piece  of  meat  or  a  dead  bird  or  snake 
has  irresistible  charms  for  it." 

28.  (141.)    ARGYNNIS  MYRINA,  Cram.    Myrina  Butterfly.    The  Silver- 

Bordered  Fritillary. 

Argynnis  myrina,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  286,  fig.  112. 
Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  45. 
Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  25J. 
French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  161,  fig.  42. 
Brenthis   myrina,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can  ,  1889,  I,  593 ; 

III,  pis.  4,  12,  22,  64,  75,  84. 

Vanderburgh  County,  by  Evans.  Otherwise  only  from  the  northern 
half  of  the  State,  where  it  is  quite  frequent  in  meadows  and  prairies 
from  June  15  to  September.  Food  plant,  violets. 

29.  (152.)      ARGYNNIS     BELI.ONA,    Fab.      Belloua   'Butterfly.      The 

Meadow  Fritillary. 

'    Argynnis  bdlona,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  287,  figs.  113,  114. 
Morris,  Lep.,  N.  A.,  1862,  45. 
Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp.,  1875,  756. 
Packard,  Guide,  1883,  253. 
French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  164. 
Brenthis  bellona,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  I,  608; 

III,  pis.  5,  12,  22,  64,  75,  84. 

This,  the  smallest  member  of  the  genus,  is  found  throughout  the  east- 
ern and  northern  parts  of  the  State,  but  is  very  rare  if  it  occurs  at  all  in 
the  Lower  Wabash  Valley.  It  is  quite  common,  where  found,  during 
July  and  August,  in  low  meadows  and  prairies,  especially  those  contain- 
ing many  flowers. 


16 


EUPTOIETA,  Doubleday. 

30.     (154.)     EUPTOIETA  CLAUDIA,  Cram.     The  Claudia  Butterfly. 
Euptoieta  daudia,  Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp.,  V.  1875,  750. 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  State  Ent.  111.,  1878,  150. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  18 <6,  165,  fig.  43. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farm.,  18*6,  Nov.  6. 
Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  I,  519; 

III,  pis.  14,  21,  64,  75,  84. 

Argynnis  columbina,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  44. 
In  the  southern  half  of  the  State,  but  not  seen  or  reported  in  the 
northern  although  it  should  occur  there.  Given  as  rare  in  most  of  the 
lists  which  mention  it.  Frequents  meadows  and  borders  of  thickets  from 
July  15  to  October  15,  a  single  specimen  having  been  taken  by  the  writer 
on  the  latter  date  in  Vigo  County.  Food  plants,  violets,  May  apples, 
sedum  and  portulaca. 


MELIT^EA,  Fabricius. 

31.     (156.)     MELIT^A  PHOTON,  Drury.     Phaeton  Butterfly.     The  Bal- 
timore. 

Melitcea  phcdm,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  288,  fig.  115. 
Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  50. 
Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  255,  figs.  184- 

186. 

Edwards,  But.  N.  A.  II,  1884,  151,  pi.  30. 
French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  168,  figs.  44-47. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1886,  November  6. 
Euphydryas  photon,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  I,  690;  III,  pis.  5, 

12,  22,  64,  75,  84. 

An  uncommon  species,  noted  in  but  four  .counties,  viz. :  Decatur, 
Vanderburgh,  Vigo  and  Monroe,  but  probably  found  throughout  the 
State.  This  is  the  only  butterfly  in  Indiana  whose  larvae  live  in  colonies 
in  webs  of  their  own  construction.  These  web*  are  woven  on  the  food 
.plants,  which  are  snake-head  or  turtle-head  (Chelone  glabra),  and  the  two 
monkey  flowers  (Mimulus).  The  larvse  form  the  webs  about  the  last  of 
July  and,  after  feeding  until  they  have  moulted  the  third  time,  tliey  pass 
the  winter  in  a  state  of  lethargy  within  them.  With  the  first  appearance 
of  the  food  plant  in  spring  they  begin  feeding  again,  after  which  is  formed 
the  chrysalis  from  which  the  butterfly  emerges  about  June  1.  It  frequents 
low,  open  fields  and  marshes  where  the  food  plants  abound,  and  flits  with 
an  irregular  and  nervous  flight  close  to  the  earth. 


17 

PHYCIODES,  Douhleday. 

32.  (186.)     PHYCIODES  NYCTEIS,  Doubl-Hew.     The  Peppermint  But- 

terfly.    The  Silver  Crescent. 

Melitcca  nycteis,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  325,  351. 
Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  257. 

Phyeiodes  nycteis,  Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp.,  V.  1875,  762. 
French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  172,  fig.  50. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1886,  Nov.  6. 
Charidryas  nycteis,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  8.   and  Can.,   1889,  I, 

658 ;  III,  pis.  5,  22,  64,  75,  84. 

Common  all  over  the  State,  but  less  so  than  the  next  species,  which  it 
closely  resembles.  Found  in  the  vicinity  of  streams,  and  during  July  and 
August  frequents,  by  hundreds,  the  flowers  of  peppermint,  Mentha 
piperita,  and  allied  species.  Food  plants,  asters,  wild  sunflowers  and 
Actinomeris.  The  larvae  pass  the  winter,  when  partly  grown,  beneath  the 
shelter  of  objects  on  the  ground,  and  the  imago  has  been  taken  in  West- 
ern Indiana  as  early  as  May  17. 

33.  (190.)     PHYCIODES  THAROS,  Drury.     The  Tharos  Butterfly.     The 

Pearl  Crescent. 

Mditcea  iharos,     Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  51  (morpheus). 
Phyciodes  thaws,  Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp.,  V.  1875,  763. 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  State  Ent.  111.,  1878,  151. 

Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  177. 

Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  II,  1884,  161,  pi.  31,  32. 

Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  256. 

Blatchley,  Ind.  Farm.,  1886,  Nov.  6. 

Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Cau.,  1889,  I,  629; 

III,  pis.  5,  12,  22,  64,  7o,  84. 

Melitcea  pharos,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  289,  figs  116,  117. 
The  two  forms  of  this  species,  marcia,  Ewd.,  and  morpheus,  Fab.,  are 
both  very  abundant,  especially  the  latter.  Three  or  four  broods  are 
produced  each  season,  the  first  one  (marcia)  from  hibernating  larvae,  ap- 
pearing about  the  tenth  of  May,  and  the  others  at  intervals  of  six  or 
eight  weeks  thereafter.  In  company  with  Colias  philodwe,  they  flock 
about  muddy  places  in  the  roads  and  the  damp,  sandy  margins  of 
streams.  .Food  plant,  asters. 

GRAPTA,  Kirby. 

54.     (207.)     GRAPTA  INTERROGATIONS,  Fab.     The  Semicolon  Butter- 
fly.    The  Violet  Tip. 

Vanessa  interrogation^,  Harris,   Ins.   Inj.,   1862,    298,     fig.    124 
(fabricii,  text-umbrosa). 


18 

Grapta  interrogation'^,    Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,   1862,  53  (wnbroia). 
Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  I,  1872,  p.  Ill, 

pis.  38,  39. 
French,  Sev.  Rep.  State  Ent.  111.,  1878, 

151. 

Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  182,  fig.  51. 
Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  259. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1886,  Nov.  20. 
Polygonia  interrogation™,  Scudder,    But.  E.  U.  S.,  I,    319;  III, 

pis.  3,  11,  20,  64,  74,  83. 

throughout  the  State.  Of  the  two  forms  recognized  by  Edwards,  the 
paler  one,  fabricii,  is  much  the  more  common,  especially  the  members  of 
the  brood  which  emerge  about  September  10,  the  individuals  of  which 
hibernate.  This  form  is  also  quite  variable,  the  silver  spot  on  the  under 
surface  of  the  hind  wings  being  often  unbroken,  and  in  many  specimens 
the  larger  and  hindmost  of  the  black  spots  between  the  cell  and  hind 
margin  of  the  fore  wings  above  is  double,  the  additional  spot  being 
larger  than  either  of  those  in  the  cell.  It  frequents  roadsides,  borders 
of  thickets  and  the  vicinity  of  gardens  where  hops  are  cultivated. 

35.     (208.)     GRAPTA  COMMA,  Harr.     The  Comma  Butterfly.     The  Hop 

Merchant. 
Vanessa  comma,  Harris.  Ins.  Inj.,   1862,  300,  pi    4,  fig.   1  (hcvr- 

risii). 
Grapta  comma,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  54. 

Edwards,  But.  F.   A.,  I.  1871,   101,  pi.  36  (har- 

risii). 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  S.  Ento.  111.,  1878,  152. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  185. 
Packard,  Guide,  1883,  260. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1886,  Nov.  20. 
Polygonia  comma,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  I,  332;  III, 

pis.  3,  20,  64,  74,  83. 
Grapta  dryas,  Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  I,  1871,   109,  pi.  37  (form 

dryas) . 

A  common  species  in  most  parts  of  ttie  State,  but  not  reported  in  all 
the  lists.  Food  plants — hop,  elm,  and  nettles.  Like  G.  interrogationis, 
the  members  of  the  late  brood  of  this  species  seek  some  sheltered  place, 
such  as  a  crevice  in  a  rock  or  a  hole  in  a  tree,  where  they  pass  the  win- 
ter in  a  dormant  state,  from  which  they  are  aroused  by  the  first  warm 
breezes  of  spring.  Specimens  have  been  taken  on  the  wing  as  late  as 
November  22,  and  as  early  as  March  4.  During  the  summer  three  or 
four  may  usually  be  found  in  company  in  damp  places,  alongside  of 
streams  or  in  shaded  ravines. 


19 

36      (217.)     GRAPTA  PROGNE,  Cram.     The  Progne  Butterfly. 
Vanessa  progne,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  301. 

Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  56. 
Grapta  progne,    French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  190,  fig.  53. 

Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1886,  Nov.  20. 
Polygonia  progne,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889, 1,  362; 

III,  pis.  3,  16,  19,  64,  74,  83. 

Grapta  c-argenteum,  Packard,  Guide,  1883,  260,  fig.  188. 
This  small  Grapta  has  been  taken  in  six  counties  in  different  portions 
of  the  State,  but  is  scarce  wherever  found.     In  midsummer  it  frequents 
rocky  ledges  and  shaded  ravines,  but  in  autumn  it  is  more  often  found 
along  the  margins  of  dense  woods.     When  disturbed  it,  as  well  as  the 
two  preceding  members  of  the  genus,  has  the  habit  of  making  a  short 
circuit  and  flying  back  to  the  self-same  spot  from  whence  it  was  started. 
Food  plants — gooseberry,  currant,  blackberry  and  elm. 

37.  (218.)     GRAPTA  j  ALBUM,  Bd.-Lec.     The  White  J.  Butterfly. 

Vanessa  j-attwm,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  298. 

Morris,  Lep.  N.  A. ,  1862,  56. 
Grapta  j-album,    French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  192. 
Eugonia  j-albiim,  Scudder,  But.  E.   U.   S.    and   Can.,  1889,    I, 

379 ;  HI,  pis.  3,  20,  83. 

Vanderburgh,  Decatur  and  Lake.  Rare  in  the  three  counties.  Bor- 
ders of  thickets  and  along  streams  during  July  and  August.  Hibernates 
as  imago.  Food  plant  unknown.  Vanderburgh  County  is,  up  to  the 
present,  the  most  southern  station  at  which  j-album  has  been  taken. 

VANESSA,  Fabricius. 

38.  (219.)     VANESSA  ANTIOPA,  Linn.    'The  Camberwell  Beauty.     The 

Mourning  Cloak.     The  Antiopa  Butterfly. 
Vanessa  antiopa,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  296,  fig.  J21,  123. 
Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  57. 
Wood,  Insects  at  Home,  1873,  3'J6. 
French,  Sev.  Rep.  State  Ento.  111.,  1878,  153. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  193. 
Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  258. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1886,  Nov.  20. 
Euranessa  antiopa,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889, 1,  397 ; 

III,  pJs.  2,  11,  20,  64,  74,  83. 

A  common  and  handsome  species  often  seen  in  spring  as  early  if  not 
earlier  than  Grapta  comma,  as  it  also  winters  in  the  perfect  state.  It  is, 
however,  much  more  abundant  than  that  species  for  about  a  month,  after 
which  it  disappears,  and  none  are  seen  till  the  first  of  June,  when  it 


20 

again  becomes  common,  the  first  brood  of  the  season  having  emerged 
from  chrysalid.  A  second  brood  appears  about  the  middle  of  September. 
In  England,  where  it  is  rare  and  considered  a  great  prize  by  the  collec- 
tors, it  is  known  as  the  Camberwell  Beauty.  The  larvae  feed  upon  the 
leaves  of  willow,  elm  and  poplar. 

39.  (221.)      VANESSA   MILBERTII,    Godt.      Milbert's   Butterfly.      The 

American  Tortoise- shell. 

Vanessa  milbertii,  Harris?,  Ina.  Inj.,  1862,  302,  fig.  1^5. 
Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  56. 
Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp.,  V.  1875,  769. 
Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  259. 
French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  195. 
Aglais  milberti,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  I,  420; 

III,  pis.  2,  12,  20,  64,  74,  83. 

This  brilliantly  colored  Vanessa  has  a  wide  distribution,  but  appears  to 
be  nowhere  as  common  as  Antiopa,  with  which  species  it  agrees  essentially 
in  habits. 

In  Indiana  it  has  been  taken  only  in  Lake  and  Vanderburgh  counties, 
from  both  of  which  it  is  reported  as  rare.  Food  plant,  nettle.  Vander- 
burgh County  is,  as  far  as  known,  the  most  southern  station  at  which  it 
has  been  taken. 

"The  butterfly  is  found  most  abundant  by  the  roadside,  especially 
among  the  hills,  and  by  the  margin  of  forests.  It  is  always  found  in 
sunny  exposures;  is  fond  of  resting  on  dry  leaves  scattered  over  the 
ground  in  spring,  aiid,  like  many  other  early  butterflies,  is  attracted  by 
the  blossoms  of  the  lilac."-  SCUDDER. 

PYRAMEIS,  Doubleday. 

40.  (222.)     PYRAMEIS  ATALANTA,  Linn.     The  Red  Admiral.     The  At- 

alanta  Butterfly. 

Cynthia  atalanta,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  294,  fig.  120. 
Pyrameis  atalanta,  Morris.  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  58. 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ento.,  111.,  1878,  153. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  8.,  1886,  196,  fig.  55. 
Packard,  Guide,  1883,  261. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1887,  April  23. 
Vanessa  atalanta,  Wood,  Insects  at  Home,  1873,  399,  pi.  13. 

Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  I,  441; 

III,  pis.  2,  12,  20,  64,  74,  83. 

A  common  and  showy  butterfly,  which  also  hibernates  as  imago,  and 
cornea  forth  from  its  winter  quarters  on  the  first  warm  days  of  March  and 
April.  It  is  most  abundant,  however,  about  June  10  and  September  20, 


21 

when  the  two  broods  of  the  season  respectively  emerge.  It  flies  every- 
where, but  especially  abounds  about  clumps  of  willows,  on  the  trunks  of 
which  it  delights  to  rest  and  enjoy  the  sunshine,  and  when  disturbed  flits 
away  but  a  short  distance  and  soon  returns  to  the  same  or  an  adjacent 
tree.  According  to  Harris,  atalanta  was  probably  introduced  with  its 
food  plant,  the  common  nettle,  into  this  country  from  Europe,  where  it  is 
also  abundant,  and  known  as  the  Red  Admiral  Butterfly. 

41.  (223.)     PYRAMEIS    HUNTERA,    Fab.      Hunter's    Butterfly.     The 

Painted  Beauty. 

Cynthia  huntera,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  292,  fig.  119. 
Pyrameis  huntera,  Morris,  Lep.  JN".  A. ,  1862,  60. 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Euto.  111.,  1878,  153. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  198. 
Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp. ,  V.  1875,  769. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1887,  April  23. 
Vanessa  huntera,  Scudder/But,  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  I,  457; 

III,  pis.  2,  12,  20.  74,  83. 

Much  less  common  than  the  preceding,  but  found  throughout  the  State. 
The  larvae  feed  upon  everlasting  (Gnaphalium  polycephalum) ,  and  the 
various  species  of  Artemisia.  The  butterfly  is  most  often  met  with  in 
August  and  September,  in  fields  containing  golden  rods  and  wild  asters. 
There  are  two  broods  each  season ;  the  butterflies  and  occasionally  the 
chrysalids  of  the  autumn  brood  hibernating. 

42.  (224  )     PYRAMEIS  CARDUI,  Linn.    Thistle  Butterfly.     The  Painted 

Lady. 

Cynthia  cardui,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.  1862,  291,  fig.  118. 
Pyrameis  cardui,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  59. 

Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp.,  V.  1875,  770. 
French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ento.  111.,  1878,  154. 
Id.,  But  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  199. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1887,  April  23. 
Vanessa  cardui,  Wood,  Ins.  at  Home,  1873,  401,  pi.  13. 

Scudder,  But,  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  I,  469; 

1U,  pis.  2,  12,  21,  64,  74,  83. 

The  Thistle  Butterfly  is  a  rather  common  species  from  mid- June  until 
after  heavy  frosts.  During  the  summer  months  it  is  usually  found  in 
open  pastures  where  there  are  thistle  patches,  but  on  sunny  days  in 
autumn  it  is  often  seen  in  orchards  sipping  the  juices  from  a  bruised  or 
rotten  apple.  In  England,  where  it  is  common,  it  is  known  as  the 
"Painted  Lady,"  on  account  of  the  variety  and  beauty  of  its  colors. 
The  larvae  feed  upon  thistles,  burdock  and  wild  sunflowers,  and  are  there- 
fore more  beneficial  than  otherwise.  It  passes  the  winter  as  imago,  and 
in  Vigo  County  has  been  taken  on  the  wing  as  early  as  April  10. 


22 


JUNONIA,  Doubleday. 

43.  (226.)      JUNONIA  COENIA,    Hub.      The   Coenia    Butterfly.     The 

Buckeye. 

Junonia  coenia,    Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  61. 
Packard,  Guide,  1883,  261. 
French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  200,  fig.  56. 
Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  I,  494; 

III,  pis.  14,  21,  64,  74,  83. 
Cynthia  lavinia,    Harris,  Ins.  Inj  ,  1862,  293. 
Junonia  lavinia,  French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  154. 
A  showy  insect,  abundant  in  the  Southern  States,  and  rarely  found  as 
far  north  as  Lake  County,  Indiana,  where  it  has  been  taken  by  Worth- 
ington.  *   Single  specimens   have   also   been  secured    in  Jefferson  and 
Vigo  counties,  and  a  few  in  Vanderburgh. 

It  flies  from  June  to  November  in  open  fields  and  low  meadows  where 
flowers  are  abundant.  Food  plants,  plantain,  gerardia  and  snapdragon. 

LIMENITIS,  Fabricius. 

44.  (236.)     LIMENITIS  URSULA,  Fab.      The   Ursula   Butterfly.      The 

Red-spotted  Purple. 

NympMis  Ursula,      Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  64. 
Isimenitis  Ursula,        French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,   154. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  206,  fig.  58. 
Packard,  Guide,  1883,  262. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1887,  April  23. 
Basilarchia astyanax,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  I, 

280 ;  III,  pis.  2,  19,  64,  74,  83. 
Nymphali*  epliestion,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  283. 
Limenitis  ephestion,    Packard,  Guide,  1883,  262. 

Common  in  the  central  and  southern  half  of  the  State,  less  so  in  the 
north.  Its  usual  resorts  are  the  vicinity  of  streams  and  about  muddy 
places  in  roads,  although  it  is  often  seen  in  orchards  and  gardens.  It 
winters  in  the  larva  state  and  is  most  common  as  imago  in  June  and  the 
latter  half  of  August.  The  food  plants  of  the  larvae  are  willow,  wild 
cherry,  apple,  plum,  oak  and  ironwood. 

45.  (237.)     LIMENITIS  ARTHEMIS,  Drury.     The  Banded  Purple  But- 

terfly. 
NympMis  arthemis,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  283,  pi.  I,  fig.  7. 

Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  65. 
Limenitis  arthemis,    Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  II,  1884. 

Packard,  Guide,  1883,  262. 

French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  208. 


23 

Basttarchia  arthemis,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  I, 

294;  III,  pis.  2,  19,  54,  74,  81,  83. 
Limenitis proserpina,  Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  I,  1868,  127,  pi.  48. 

(Form  proserpina.) 
Id.,    Canadian  Entomologist,  March,  1891, 

49. 

Basilarchia proserpina,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  I, 
289 ;  III,  pis.  2,  19.    (Form  proserpina.) 

This  handsome  butterfly  is  a  northern  species  which  has  been  taken  in 
Lake  County,  by  Worthington.  It  is  found  from  June  to  September 
frequenting  the  same  localities  as  L.  Ursula.  The  larvse  feed  upon  wil- 
low, aspen,  basswood,  and  probably  thorn. 

Mr.  S.  H.  Scudder,  in  his  But.  E.  U.  S.,  p.  289,  regards  the  form 
proserpina  as  a  hybrid  between  L.  Ursula  and  L.  arthemis.  Mr.  Edwards 
in  the  Canadian  Entomologist,  loc.  cit.,  controverts  this  view,  and  gives 
in  full  his  reasons  for  considering  it  a  dimorphic  form  of  arthemis. 

46.     (239.)     LIMENITIS    DISIPPUS,    Godt.       The    Disippus    Butterfly. 

The  Viceroy. 
NympJialis  disippus,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  281,  fig.  109. 

Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  65. 

Limenitis  disippus,  French,  Sev.  Kep.  St.  Ento.  111.,  1878,  154. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886.  210,  figs.  59-62. 
Edwards,  But.    N.   A.,  II,   1884,   227.     (De- 
scrip,  of  larvae  ) 

Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1887,  April  '23. 
Limenitis  misippus,  Packard,  Guide,  1883,  262,  fig.  189. 
Basilarchia  archippus,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can  ,  1889,  I, 

267;  III,  pis.  1,  11,  19,  64,  74,  83. 

A  rather  common  species  in  all  parts  of  the  State,  but  by  casual  ob- 
servers usually  confounded  with  Danais  archippus,  Fab. ,  which  it  closely 
resembles  in  color  and  markings,  but  from  which  it  may  be  readily 
known  by  the  presence  of  a  narrow,  curved,  black  band  across  the 
center  of  the  hind  wings.  There  are  two  broods  each  season,  the  larvse 
of  the  second  brood  constructing  from  a  leaf  a  tube-shaped  retreat  into 
which  they  enter,  head  first,  and  pass  the  winter.  Their  dwellings  are 
formed  by  first  fastening,  by  means  of  silk,  a  leaf  to  the  twig  upon  which 
it  grew.  Notches  are  then  cut  in  the  leaf  and  the  edges  are  bent  to- 
gether and  fastened  by  a  silken  thread.  In  the  words  of  Edwards,  loc. 
cit.  :  "  Some  caterpillars  cover  themselves  in  a  web,  or  bind  two  leaves 
together  loosely ;  more  conceal  themselves  under  wood  or  stone,  or  in 
the  sod ;  but  here  is  one  who  has  turned  tailor,  weaver  and  house 
builder.  It  knows  just  what  sort  of  leaf  to  choose  for  its  purpose,  takes 
its  measurement,  cuts  out  the  pattern  on  a  system  peculiar  but  effective  ; 


24 

«ews  it  up ;  upholsters  the  interior  with  silken  threads,  and  takes  pos- 
session, even  having  provided  against  the  ingress  of  water  by  a  flap, 
shaped  when  the  pattern  is  cut  out."  It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  only 
the  second  brood  of  larvae  exhibits  an  instinct  for  thus  forming  homes. 
The  butterfly  is  most  frequent  in  July,  and  is  usually  found  in  low 
grounds,  about  clumps  of  willows,  upon  the  leaves  of  which  the  larvae 
feed.  Additional  foot  plants  are  poplar,  plum  and  oak 

APATURA,  Fabricius. 

47.     (244.)     APATURA    CELTIS,    Bd.-Lec.     The   Eyed   Emperor.     The 

Hackberry  Butterfly. 
Apatura  celtis,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A. ,  1862,  68. 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ento.  111.,  1878,  155. 
Id.,  But,  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  215,  figs.  63,  64. 
Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  II,  1884,  231,  pi.  38. 
Blatchley,  Ind.. Farmer,  1887,  May  11. 

Chlvrippe  celtus,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  III,  1788 
This  species  is  found  in  the  southern  half  of  the  State  and  as  far  north 
as  Wabash  County,  where  it  has  been  taken  by  the  writer,  but  it  is 
nowhere  abundant.  It  flies  during  July  and  August  in  low,  open  woods, 
especially  those  where  the  food  plant  of  the  larva,  Celtis  occidentalis,  or 
the  hackberry  tree,  grows.  Celtis  has  a  swift  flight  and  darts  rapidly  from 
one  object  to  another  as  if  actuated  by  curiosity,  often  alighting  upon  the 
body  of  the  person  pursuing  it  or  upon  the  net,  where  it  opens  and  closes 
its  wings  rapidly  for  a  few  seconds,  and  then  starts  out  on  a  short  circuit 
soon  to  return  again.  The  larvae  pass  the  winter  hidden  among  the  ridges 
in  the  bark  of  the  hackberry  and  may  be  found  feeding  on  the  buds  as 
soon  as  the  latter  appear  in  spring. 

48.     (248.)     APATURA  CLYTON,  Bd.-Lec.     The  Tawny  Emperor. 
Apatura  ch/ton,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  68. 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Eat.  111.,  1878,  155. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  218,  figs.  65,  66. 
Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  II,  1884,  245,  pi.  39. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1887,  May  11. 
ChMppe  clyton,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  I,  241; 

III,  pis.  16,  19,  64,  74,  83. 

The  range  of  this  species  in  the  State  coincides  with  that  of  A.  celtis, 
the  food  plant  being  the  same.  It  is,  however,  much  less  common  than 
the  latter,  having  been  taken  in  but  five  counties,  whereas  celtis  is  re- 
ported in  all  the  lists  but  two.  Neither  species  is  found  in  the  north- 
western corner  of  the  State.  Of  the  two  forms  of  clyton,  ocellata,  Edw., 
is  the  more  common.  There  is  but  one  brood  each  season,  the  butterfly 


25 

emerging  about  June  15.  It  frequents  the  vicinity  of  streams,  but  is 
sometimes  seen  in  company  with  A.  celtis  about  dwellings  and  orchards, 
especially  towards  the  close  of  its  season.  A  single  specimen  was  taken 
in  the  heart  of  the  city  of  Wabash,  Ind.,  August  11,  1890. 


PAPHIA,  Westwood. 

49.     (251.)     PAPHIA  TROGLODYTA,  Fab.     The  Goat  Weed  Butterfly. 

Paphia  troglodyta,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  226,  figs.  67-69. 
Paphia  glycerium,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  67. 

Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  I,  1871,  137,  pi.  46. 
Paphia  andria,  French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.,  111.,  1878,  156. 
Ancea  andria,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  8.  and  Can. ,  III,  1794. 
A  southwestern  species,  the  habitat  of  which  is  given  by  Edwards  as 
Illinois  to  Texas.     Very  rare  in  Indiana,  a  single  specimen  having  been 
taken  in  Vigo  County,  by  Prof.  B.   W.  Evermann,  on  April  24,  1890, 
and  "  one  or  two  in  three  different  seasons,"  in  Vanderburgh  County,  by 
Evans.     The  larvae  feed  upon  species  of  Croton,  and  the  imago  hiber- 
nates, there  being  but  one  brood  each  season. 

"  The  butterfly  is  often  seen  in  orchards  resting  on  the  sunny  side  of  the 
trees,  at  other  times  on  the  road  or  upon  the  fences.  It  is  shy  and  diffi- 
cult to  capture,  although  it  seldom  leaves  a  favorite  locality,  but  continues 
to  fly  about  until  danger  has  passed." — EDWARDS,  loc.  cit. 


SATYRINJE. 
DEBIS,  Westwood. 

50.     (253.)     DEBIS  PORTLANDIA,  Fab.     The  Woodland  Butterfly.     The 

Pearly  Eye. 
Debis  porilandia,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  79. 

French,  But,  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  229,  fig.  70. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1887,  May  11. 
Enodia p&rOandia,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  I,  180; 

in,  pis.  1,  18,  64,  74,  83. 

Debis  andr&macha,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  78,  351. 
The  Woodland  Butterfly  has  been  taken  in  six  counties  in  as  many  dif- 
ferent portions  of  the  State,  but  is  nowhere  common.  Its  favorite  resorts 
are  dense,  damp  woods  and  thickets,  where,  during  July  and  August,  it 
may  be  found  resting  on  the  stump  or  trunk  of  a  tree  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  the  coarse  grasses,  which  are  the  food  plants  of  the  larvae.  In 
this  State  it  is  single  brooded  and  the  larvae  hibernate. 


26 


NEONYMPHA,   Westwood 

51.  (254.)     NEONYMPHA  CANTHUS,  Bd.-Lec.     The  Canthus  Butterfly. 

The  Eyed  Brown. 
]$eonympha  canthus,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  18f>2,  74. 

French,  But.  E.  U.  8.,  1886,  232. 

Hipparchia  boisduvalli,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  305,  fig.  128. 
Satyrodes  eurydice,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  I,  193; 

III,  pis.  1,  11,  18,  64,  74,  83. 

Noted  only  in  Lake  County,  where  it  is  common,  but  should  be  found 
throughout  the  northern  half  of  the  State.  It  is  <-m  the  wing  during 
June  and  July,  and  is  found  in  low  open  woods  and  meadows.  The 
larvae  feed  upon  various  kinds  of  grass  and  hibernate  after  the  fourth 
moult. 

52.  (258.)    NEONYMPHA  KURYTRIS,  Fab.    The  Wood  Nymph  Butterfly. 

HipparcMa  eurytris,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  306,  fig.  129. 
Nemympha  eurytris.  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  73. 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  156. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  238. 
Packard,  Guide,  1883,  264. 
Blatchley,  Ind.  Farmer,  1887,  May  11. 
Oi^ia  eurytus,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can  ,  1889,  I,  214  ; 

III,  pis.  1,  11,  18,  64,  74,  83. 

This  little  wood-brown  butterfly  is  rather  common  throughout  the  State 
from  May  15  until  August.  It  frequents  woods,  fence  rows,  and  shady 
roadsides  and  flies  close  to  the  ground  with  a  queer,  jerky  flight,  often 
alighting  on  the  grass,  or  on  a  log  or  chip,  seldom  on  a  flower  or  shrub. 
The  larvse  feed  upon  grass,  and  the  second  brood  of  the  season  hibernate. 


SATYRUS,  Westwood. 

53*.     (283.)     SATYRUS  ALOPE,  Fab.     The  Alope  Butterfly.     The  Blue- 
eyed  Grayling. 
Hipparthia  alope,      Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  305,  fig.  127.     (Form 

dope,  Fab.) 
Satyrus  alope,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  76. 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  156. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  243,  fig.  71.     (All 

forms.) 

Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  263. 
Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  II,  1884,  261,  pis.  41, 
42.     (All  forms.) 


27 

Cercyonis  cdope,         Seudder,  But.  E.  U.  8.  and  Can.,   1889,  I, 
163;   III,  pis.  1,  11,  18,  67,  74.     (Form 
alope.} 
Erebia  nephele,          Morris,  Lep.  N.  A. ,  1862,  76.     (Form  nephele, 

Kirby.) 
Satyrus  nephde,         Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp  ,  V.  1875,  773. 

Packard,  Guide,  1883,  263. 

Hipparchia  nephele,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.  1862,  fig.  130.     (No  text.) 
Gercyonis  nephele,      Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  I, 
171;   III,  pis.   1,  11,  18,  64,  83.     (Form 
nephele. ) 

Three  forms  of  this  handsome  butterfly,  viz.,  cdope,  Fab.,  nephele, 
Kirby,  and  olympm,  Edwards,  are  found  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
State.  It  ranges  as  far  south  as  the  southern  border  of  White  and 
Wabash  Counties.  Olympus  has  been  noted  only  in  Lake  County.  All 
the  forms  are  on  the  wing  during  July  and  August,  and  frequent  open 
woods,  meadows  and  prairies.  The  larvae  feed  upon  the  various  species 
of  wild  grasses  and  hibernate. 


LIBYTHEIN^. 
LIBYTHEA,  Fabricius. 


54.     (309.)     LIBYTHEA  BACHMANI,  Kirtland.     Bachman's  Butterfly. 
Libyikea  bachmani,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  63. 

French,  Sev.  Kep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  157. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  250. 
Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  264. 
Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,  II,  1884,  289,  pi.  46. 
Blatchley,  Ind   Farmer,  1887,  May  11. 
Hypatusbachmanii,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889, 1,  760; 

III,  pis.  4,  21,  64,  75,  84. 

This  curious  little  fly,  with  its  long,  beak-like  palpi  and  angled  fore 
wings,  once  seen  will  ever  after  be  recognized  at  first  sight.  It  doubtless 
inhabits  all  parts  of  the  State,  having  been  taken  in  six  widely  separated 
counties,  yet  but  few  are  found  each  season  in  any  one  locality.  It  fre- 
quents low  grounds  and  the  vicinity  of  streams,  and  flies  from  June  to 
September.  Food  plant,  hackberry. 


28 

LYCJ3N1D.E. 
LYC^NINJE. 

THECLA,  Fabricius. 

This  large  genus  is  represented  in  Indiana,  so  far  as  known,  by  ten 
species,  but  one  of  which  may  be  said  to  be  common.  All  are  compara- 
tively small  in  size,  of  a  blue,  smoky  brown  or  black  color,  and  have 
wings  of  a  delicate  texture.  The  habits  of  all  are  essentially  the  same. 
They  mostly  pass  the  winter  in  the  pupa  stage,  and  the  imagoes  are  to  be 
found  from  May  1 5  until  frost.  They  are  seldom  seen  except  along  fence 
rows  and  the  borders  of  woods  and  thickets,  where  they  flit  rapidly  to  and 
fro  with  a  restless,  jerking  flight,  pausing  every  few  moments  on  leaf  of 
brier  or  shrub  to  bask  in  the  sunlight,  and  then  as  suddenly  starting  on- 
ward again. 

55.  (326.)     THECLA  HALEBUS,  Cram.     Great  Purple  Hair-streak. 

Theda  halesus,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  91. 

Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp.,  V,  1875,  777. 
French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  255. 

Atiides  halesus,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  III,  1827." 
A  western  and  southern  species,  not  before  reported  east  of  Illinois. 
Found  in  small  numbers  in  Lake  County  by  Worthington.     Food  plant, 
oak. 

56.  (327.)     THECLA  M-ALBUM,  Bd.-Lec.     The   Black-banded   Hair- 

streak. 
Theda  m-album,      Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  92. 

BVench,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  256. 
EupsycJie  m-album,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  III, 

1824. 

Theda  psyche,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A. ,  1862,  93. 

An  eastern  Thecla,  not  before  reported  west  of  Ohio.  Rare  in  Jeffer- 
son and  Decatur  counties.  Food  plant,  oak. 

57.  (331.)    THECLA  HUMDLI,  Harr.     The  Hopvine  Thecla.     The  Gray 

Hair-streak. 
Theda  humuli,      Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  276,  pi.  IV,  fig.  3. 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.,  111.,  1878,  157. 

Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  259. 

Packard,  Guide,  1883,  265. 
Thecla  favonius,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  95. 


29 

Thecla  hyp&rici,     Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  94. 
Umnotesmelinm,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  8.  and  Can.,  1889,  II,  850; 

III,  pis.  6,  14,  23,  65,  75,  84. 

Throughout  the  State,  but  rather  scarce.  The  larvae  feed  upon  the 
hop,  bean  and  thorn,  and  the  butterfly  frequents  the  vicinity  of  these 
plants  from  May  to  September. 

58.  (339.)     THECLA  EDWARDSII,  Saunder?.     Edward's  Thecla. 

Tlieda  edwardsii,  French,  But.  E.  U.  8.,  1886,  261. 

Scudder,  But.  E.  U.   S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

892 ;  III,  pis.  6,  24,  65,  75,  84. 
Thecla  falacer,       Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  276. 

Found  up  to  the  present  only  in  the  northern  part  of,  but  probably  ex- 
ists throughout  the  State.  Scarce.  Food  plant,  hawthorne  and  oak. 

59.  (341.)     THECLA  CALANUS,  Hub.     The  Oak  Thecla.     The  Banded 

Hair-streak. 

Thecla  calanus,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  263,  fig.  73. 
Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  1886,  62. 
Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II,  885; 

III,  pis.  6,  14,  24,  65,  75,  84. 
Thecla  falacer,  Moras,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  95. 

This  is  our  most  common  Thecla  and  is  found  in  all  parts  of  the  State. 
The  larvse  feed  upon  the  various  species  of  oak,  and  hibernate,  the  imago 
emerging  from  chrysalid  in  June  and  July. 

60.  (343.)     THECLA   STRIGOSA,    Harr.      The   Streaked    Thecla.     The 

Striped  Hair-streak. 
Thecla  strigosa,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  276. 

Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  101. 
Edwards,  But,  N.  A.,  I,  1869,  146,  pi.  48. 
French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  157. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  266,  fig.  74. 
Packard,  Guide,  1883,  267. 
Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  1886,  62. 
Thecla  liparops,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II,  877; 

III,  pis.  6,  24,  65,  75,  84. 

All  over  the  State,  but  found  only  in  small  numbers  in  the  counties  in 
which  it  has  been  taken.  Food  plants,  oak,  apple  and  willow.  There  is 
but  one  brood  each  season,  the  butterflies  appearing  about  July  10. 

61.  (355.)     THECLA  SMILAOIS,  Bd.-Lec.     The  Auburn  Thecla.     The 

Olive  Hair-streak. 
Thecla  smilacu,        Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  98. 

French,  But,  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  268. 


30 

Thecla  auburniana,  Harris,  Ins.  luj.  1862,  277 

Thecla  aubumiana,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  101. 

Mtiura  daman,         Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  8.  and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

861 ;  III,  pis.  6,  23,  65,  75,  84. 

Lake  County.  Rare.  (Worthington.)  Food  plant,  the  red  cedar, 
Juniperus  Virginiana,  Linn.,  about  which  the  imago  is  almost  always 
found.  There  are  two  broods  each  season  which  appear  in  May  and  Au- 
gust, respectively. 

62.  (357.)     THECLA  POEAS,  Hub.     The  Least  Purple  Hair-streak. 

Thecla  poeas,        Morris,  Lep   N.  A.,  1862,  103. 

French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  270. 
Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.  II,  1886,  62 

Calycopis  cecrops,  Scudder,  But.  E  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  III,  1821. 
This,  one  of  the  prettiest  of  the  Theclas,  is  southern  in  its  range  and 
rare  in  our  State.  A  single  specimen  was  taken  by  the  writer  from  an 
oleander  bush,  in  Monroe  County,  August  17,  1890.  Mr.  Edwards  has 
also  received  it  from  Indiana,  but  is  unable  to  give  the  locality.  Food 
plant,  unknown,  but  probably  one  of  the  species  of  huckleberry,  Vaccin- 
ium,  of  which  two  or  three  kinds  grow  in  Monroe  County. 

63.  (367.)     THECLA  HBNBICII,    Gr -Rob.      The   Plum  Thecla.     The 

Hoary  Elfin. 

Thecla  htnricii,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  273. 
Imisalia  tnw,      Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II,  835; 

III,  pis.  6,  23,  65,  75,  85. 

This  species,  which,  according  to  Edwards,  has  been  previously  re- 
corded only  from  West  Virginia  and  Maine,  has  been  taken  in  Jefferson 
County  by  Mr.  Hubbard.  The  larvse  feed  upon  wild  plum,  and  the  perfect 
insects,  appearing  about  May  1,  frequent  the  flowers  of  the  red  bud, 
Cercis  Canadensis,  Linn.,  and  the  borders  of  sandy  roads. 

64.  (376.)     THECLA  TITUS,  Fab       The  Wild   Cherry  Thecla.      The 

Coral  Hair-streak'. 
Thecla  titus,      French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  278. 

Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  1886,  62. 
Strymon  titus,   Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II,  809; 

III,  pis.  6,  23,  65,  75,  84. 
Tlirda  mopsus,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  278. 

Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  102. 
Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp.,  V.,  1875,  779. 
Packard,  Guide,  1883,  266. 

In  all  parts  of  the  State,  but  scarce  where  found.  It  is  one  of  the 
handsomest  and  largest  members  of  the  genus.  Food  plant,  wild  cherry. 
It  passes  the  winter  in  the  egg  state,  and  flies  as  imago  during  July  and 
August,  frequenting  the  flower  of  golden  rod,  milkweed  and  thistle. 


FENISECA,  Grute. 

65.  (377.)     FENISECA  TAKQUINIUS,  Fab.     The  Wanderer. 

Feniseca  tarquinim,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  279. 

Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

1016;  III,  pis.  5,  25,  34.  43,  65,  84. 
Polyommatus  cratcegi,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  85. 
Taken  only  in  Jefferson  County,  where  it  is  rare,  but  should  occur  all 
over  the  State.     The  larvae  are  remarkable  for  their  carnivorous  habits,  as 
they  feed  only  upon  plant  lice  or  aphids,  and  are  especially  fond  of  the 
species  of  these  insects  which  frequent  the  common  alder,  Alnus  incana, 
Willd.     Hence  the  butterfly  is  most  often  found  in  the  vicinity  of  streams, 
along  the  banks  of  which  the  alder  grows.     It  is  on  the  wing  at  intervals 
from  May  15  to  mid-September,  as  there  are  three  broods  each  season. 

CHRYSOPHANUS,  Doubleday. 

66.  (385.)     CHRYSOPHANUS    THOE,    Bd.-Lec.     The    Thoe    Butterfly. 

The  Bronze  Copper.  » 

Polyommatus  thoe,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  18<>2,  84. 
Chrysophanm thoe,  French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  III.,  1878,  158. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  281. 
Packard,  Guide,  8th  Ed.,  1883,  264. 
Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  1886,  62.  . 
Scudder,  But,  E.  U.  S.  and   Can.,    1889,  II, 

977 ;  III,  pis.  5,  25,  65,  84. 

This  handsome  species  is  rare  where  found,  and  has  been  taken  in  four 
widely  separated  counties.  There  are  two  broods  each  season  which 
emerge  in  June  and  August.  The  butterfly  is  to  be  found  in  low  mead- 
ows and  about  the  borders  of  ponds.  The  food  plant  is  curled  dock, 
Rumex  crispus. 

67.  (391.)     CHRYSOPHANUS   EPIXANTHE,    Bd.-Lec.      The   Epixanthe 

Butterfly.     The  Purple  Disk. 
Lycaena  epixantfie,          Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  274. 
Polyommatus  epixanthe,  Morris,  Lep.  N".  A. ,  1862,  85. 
Chrysophanus  epixanthe,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  282. 
Epidemia  epixanthe,       Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  and  Can.,  1889, 

II,  985 ;  III,  Pis.  5,  25,  65,  79. 

Lake  County.  Rare.  Probably  throughout  the  northern  half  of  the 
State.  It  is  single  brooded,  the  butterflies  emerging  in  June  and  July, 
when  they  are  found  only  in  the  vicinity  of  cranberry  bogs  and  peaty 
meadows. 


68.     (392.)     CHRYSOPHANUS  HYPOPHLEAS,  Bd.     The  American  Copper 

Butterfly. 

Polyommatus  hypophleas,    Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  84. 
Chrysophanus  hypophleas,  French  But    E.  U.  8.,  1886,  283,  figs. 

75-77. 

Blatchley,  Hoos   Nat.,  II,  1886,  62. 

Heodes  hypophlceas,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889, 

11,998 ;  III,  pis.  5,  13,  25,  65,  75,  84. 

Lyccena  americana,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  273;  fig.  104. 

Polyommatus  americana,     Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  91. 
Chrysophanus  americana,    French,  Sev.   Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878, 

158. 

Packard,  Guide,  1883,  264. 

Polyommatus  phlaas,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  84. 
Quite  common  in  the  Lower  Wabash  Valley,  but  rare  in  the  northern 
and  eastern  parts  of  the  State.  It  flies  from  May  1st  to  October,  and  is 
most  often  met  with  in  lowland  meadows  or  along  sandy  roadsides, 
where  in  small  parties  of  two  to  four  it  flits  close  to  the  ground,  stop- 
ping ever  and  anon  to  rest  upon  a  blade  of  grass  or  to  sip  the  moisture 
from  the  margin  of  a  puddle  left  by  some  recent  rain.  The  larvae 
feed  upon  a  small  dock,  known  as  sheep  sorrel,  Rumex  acetosella. 


LYOENA,  Fabricius. 

69.     (432.)     LYC^ENA   PSEUDARGIOLUS,   Bd.-Lec.      The    Azure    Blue 

Butterfly. 
Polyommatus  pseudargiolus,  Harris,    lus.    Inj.,    1862,    274,     text. 

(neglecta,  Edw.). 

Argus  pseudargiolus,  Morris,  Lep.  N.   A.,  1862,  82  (pseu- 

dargiolus, Bd.). 
Lyccena  pseudargiolus,          Edw.,  But.  N.  A.,  I,  1869,  153,  pi.  50 

(  pseudargiolus) . 
Id.,  But.  N.  A.,  II,  1884,  315,  pis.  50, 

51.     (All  forms.) 
Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp.,  V.   1875, 

785  (violacea,  Edw.). 
French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111. ,  1878, 

158. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,   1886,  286,   figs. 

78-80.     (All  forms.) 
Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  1886,  62. 

Cyaniris  pseudargiolus,         Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  II,  927  ;  III, 
pis.  6,  13,  24,  65,  75,  84. 


33 

J/ycmia  neglecta,  Edwards,  But.  N.  A.,   I,    1869,   155, 

pi.  50  (neglecta). 
Packard,  Guide,  1883,  265. 
Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp.,  V.  1875, 

786. 

Lycana  violacea,  Edw. ,  But,  N.  A. ,  I,  1868,  149,  pi.  49, 

Lyccena  lucia,  Harris,   Ins.   Inj.,  1862,  275,  fig.  106 

(lucia,  Kirby). 

Polyommahts  lucia,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  90. 

Four  forms  of  this  variable  and  much  described  species  are  found  in 
Indiana,  three  of  which,  viz.,  pseudargiolm,  Bd.-Lee. ,  neglecta,  Edw.,  and 
iriolacea,  Edw.,  are  found  throughout  the  State,  while  lucia,  Kirby,  has 
been  taken  only  in  Lake  County.  Of  the  fbur,  violacea,  which  flies  in 
early  spring,  and  neglecta,  in  late  summer,  are  the  most  common. 

The  black  male,  var.  nigra  of  violacea,  has  been  taken  by  the  writer  in 
Wabash  County,  but  is  not  reported  elsewhere.  Pseudargiolus  is  said  by 
Worthington  not  to  occur  in  Lake  County,  and  when  found  in  other 
parts  of  the  State  is  comparatively  rare. 

All  these  forms  have  essentially  the  same  habits,  and  are  seldom  found 
except  in  low,  shady  places,  and  especially  in  the  vicinity  of  small  streams. 
Violacea  winters  in  the  pupa  state,  and  Mr.  Edwards  has  given  a  pleasing 
description  of  its  habits,  as  follows:  "By  the  3d  or  4th  of  April  we 
usually  have  one  or  two  very  warm  days,  the  mercury  at  80°,  and  then 
these  little  butterflies  swarm  along  the  sunny  sides  of  creeks,  gathering  in 
clusters  as  close  as  they  can  stand,  in  favorite  spots,  motionless,  with 
wings  erect  and  closed,  wholly  intent  in  extracting  from  the  sand  some 
fluid,  no  doubt  delightful.  These  are  all  males,  for  the  females  do  not 
appear  until  some  days  after,  or  about  the  10th.  By  this  time  the  peach 
trees  are  in  full  bloom  and  the  females  are  especially  attracted  to  them. 
But,  as  a  general  thing,  this  species  is  not  partial  to  flowers."  The  larvae 
feed  upon  various  plants,  chief  among  which  are  Actinomeris,  Cornus  or 
dogwood,  and  Cimicifuga,  or  black  snake  root. 

70.     (434.)     LYCLENA    COMYNTAS,    Godt.     The    Corny ntas    Butterfly. 

The  Tailed  Blue. 
PohioniTTMtm  comyntas,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  275. 

Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  83. 

lA/crena  cwnyntas.          Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp.,  V.  1875,  783. 
French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  158. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  292,  fig.  81. 
Packard,  Guide,  1883,  265. 
Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  1886,  62. 

Everes  comyntas,  Scudder,  But,  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

911;  III,  pis.  6,  14,24,  65,  75,84. 


84 

Very  common  from  June  to  September,  collecting  with  Colias  philodice 
and  the  two  species  of  Phydodes  about  muddy  spots  in  the  roads.  Also, 
often  found  in  fields  of  clover,  upon  which  plant  the  larvse  feed,  or  along 
dry  hillsides,  where  grow  the  other  food  plants,  species  of  Desmodhim  and 
Lespedeza. 


ANCYLOXYPHA,  Felder. 

71.  (448.)     ANCYLOXYPHA   NUMITOR,  Fab.     The   Bordered    Skipper. 

The  Least  Skipper. 

Pamphila  numitor,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  120. 

Ancyloxypha  mimitor,        French,  But,  E.  U.  8.,  1886,  301.    . 

Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  Dec.,  1886,  62. 
Scudder,  But,  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889, 

II,  1558;  III,  pis.  10,  13,  29,  66,  73. 

Heteropterus  marginatus,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  308,  fig.  131. 

This,  the  smallest     pecies  of  Hesperidtv,  is  a  very  common  butterfly 

from  mid-June  until  October.     It  is  found  hovering  among  the  tall  grasses 

and  sedges  which  grow  along  the  margins  of  ditches  and  ponds.     There 

are  three  broods  each  season,  and  chrysalids  from  the  last  one  hibernate. 

THYMELICUS,  Speyer. 

72.  (455.)     THYMELICUS  POWESHIEK,  Park. 

T  hymdww  poweshiek,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  301. 
Oarima  pmveshiek,       Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  III, 

1859. 

A  Western  species,  not  before  recorded  east  of  Illinois.  It  occurs  in 
small  numbers  about  Whitings,  Lake  County. 

PAMPHILA,   Fabricius. 

This  genus  of  butterflies,  which  outranks  all  others  in  point  of  num- 
bers, is  represented  in  Indiana  by  twenty-two  known  species,  the  major- 
ity of  which  occur  throughout  the  State. 

Many  species  are  usually  overlooked  by  tyro  collectors,  as  they  are 
mall  in  size,  dull  in  color,  and  are  usually  seen  at  rest  rather  than  in 
active  motion.  When  disturbed,  they  fly  low  and  but  a  short  distance  at 
a  time,  moving  with  a  peculiar  jerking  flight  similar  to  that  of  the  Neonym- 
phas.  In  repose  the  hind  wings,  instead  of  being  folded  above  the  body, 
are  spread  horizontally  and  meet  the  fore  ones,  which  are  also  held  in  a 
peculiar  position,  so  as  to  form  a  right  angle. 

But  few  are  to  be  found  before  June  1,  but  about  that  time  certain 
species  become  common  among  the  tall,  rank  grasses  and  sedges  which 
grow  in  damp  places  and  upon  which  most  of  the  larvse  feed.  Others 


are  found  abundantly  in  clover  fields,  and  later  on  the  flowers  of  thistles, 
ironweeds,  marigolds,  and  other  showy  Composite  attract  them  in  large 
numbers. 

73.  (456.)     PAMPHILA  MASSASOIT,  Scudd.     The  Mulberry  Wing. 

PamphUa  massasoit,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  302. 

Poanes  massasoit,       Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  1597; 

III,  pis.  10,  29,  37. 

Ranges  from  New  England  to  Nebraska,  but  noted  in  Indiana  only  in 
Lake  County,  where  it  is  rare. 

74.  (457.)     PAMPHILA    ZABULON,   Bd.-Lec.     The    Zabulon    Skipper. 

The  Mormon. 
PamphUa  zabulon,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A..,  1862,  116. 

French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  303,  figs  82,  83. 
Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  December,  1886,  62. 
Atrytone  zabulon,     Scudder,  But.  E.  U.   S.  and  Can.,  II,  1617; 
III,  pis.  10,  13,  30,  66,  77.     (All  forms.) 

74.     (a.)     PAMPHILA  ZABULON  HOBOMOK,  Harris.     Hobomok  Skipper. 
Hesperia  hobomok,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  313,  fig.  137. 

Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1S62,  110. 

Packard,  Guide,  1883,  269. 
PamphUa  zabulon  hobomok,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  303. 

74.  (b.)     PAMPHILA  ZABULON  QUADRA QUINA,  Scudder. 

PamphUa  zabulon  qiladraquina,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S. ,  1886,  304. 
Blatchley,  Hoos    Nat.,  II,  Decem- 
ber, 1886,  62. 

A  variable  and  common  species..  The  three  varieties,  whose  synonymy 
is  given  above,  are  found  in  Indiana.  Of  these  zabulon  is  by  far  the  most 
common,  Var.  hobomok  has  been  taken  only  in  Decatur  County.  This 
is  the  first  Pamphila  to  be  seen  in  spring  in  Central  Indiana,  numerous 
specimens  of  zabulon  having  been  taken  from  the  flowers  of  violets  on 
May  15,  1891.  The  female  form  quadraquina  was  seen  a  week  later. 

75.  (466.)     PAMPHILA  SASSACUS,  Harris.     The  Sassacus  Skipper. 

Hesperia  sassaeus,    Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  315. 

Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  110. 
Pamphila  sassaeus,  French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  159. 

Id.,  But.  E.'U.  S.,  1886,  305. 
Erynnis  sassaeus,     Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,11, 

1641 ;  III,  pis.  10,  30,  66,  73. 

A  common  species  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  but  not  found  as 
yet  in  the  southern.  The  larvae  feed  upon  crab  grass,  Panicum  sanguin- 
ale,  and  the  butterfly  may  be  taken  during  June  and  the  first  half  of 
July. 


36 

76.  (491.)     PAMPHILA    HURON,    Edw.     The    Huron    Skipper.     The 

Sachem.   • 

Pamphila  huron,   French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  159. 
Id.,  But,  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  312. 
Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  December,  1886,  62, 
Atalopedes  huron,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  II,  1661 ;  III,  pis.  17, 

31,  77,  85. 

A  fairly  common  Pamphila  throughout  the  State.  On  October  28T 
1890,  a  large  number  were  taken  by  the  fingers  from  the  heads  of 
thistles.  They  seemed  to  be  in  a  comatose  condition,  although  the  day 
was  quite  warm  and  pleasant.  It  is  triple  brooded,  the  imagoes  ap- 
pearing in  May,  July  and  September. 

77.  (493.)     PAMPHILA  PHYL^EUS.     Drury.     The  Fiery  Skipper. 

P.  phylmis,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  118. 

French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  313. 
Hylephila  phylceus,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  Hr 

1630;  III.  pis.  17,  30,  77,  85. 

A  southern  species,  which  in  Indiana  has  been  taken  only  in  Jefferson 
County. 

78.  (499.)     PAMPHILA  OTHO  EGEREMET,  Scudd.     The  Otho  Skipper. 

Pamphila  otho,  French,  Sev.    Rep.  St.    Ent.  111.,    1878, 

160. 
Pamphila  otho  egereimt,  French,  But.  E,  U.  S.,  1886,  316. 

Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  Dec.  1886,  62. 
Thymelicus  cetna,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889, 

II,  1696;  III,  pis.  10,  31,  77,  85. 
In  all  parts  of  the  State,  but  scarce  and  variable. 
With  us  it  flies  from  June  20  till  mid-September,  and  frequents  low, 
open  meadows  and  roadsides. 

79.  (500.)     PAMPHILA  PECRIUS,  Kirby.     Peck's  Skipper.     The  Yel- 

low Spot. 

Hesperia  peckim,    Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  315,  fig.  139. 
Pamphila  peckim,  French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  Ill  ,  1878,  1HO. 

Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  317,  fig.  84. 

Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II.,  Dec.  1886,  62. 
Polite*  peckim,        Scudder,    But.     E.    U.   S.,    1889,    II,  1683; 

III,  pis.  10,  13,  31,  66,  80. 

Pamphila peckii,      Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  120. 
Hasperiawamnxtta,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  318,  fig.  141. 

Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  111. 

Packard,  Guide,  1883,  270. 


37 

The  most  common  species  of  Pamphila  throughout  the  State,  and  the 
one  most  frequently  found  in  upland  woods  on  the  flowers  of  Composite. 
It  flies  from  June  till  October,  and  winters  as  chrysalis  or  mature  larva. 

-80.     (504.)     PAMPHILA  CERNES,  Bd.-Lec.     The  Cernes  Skipper. 

Pamphila  carries,     French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Eut.  111.,  1878,  160. 
Id.,  But,  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  320. 
Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  1886,  62. 
Hesperia  ahaton,      Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  317,  fig.  140. 

Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  111. 
PamphUa  origenes,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  117. 
Pamphila  ihaumas,  Morris,  Lep/N.  A.,  1862,  119.  , 
Pamphila  arogos,     Morris,  loc.  cit.,  1862,  118. 
Limochores  laumas,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.,   1889,  II,  1725;  III, 

pis.  10,  13,  32,  66,  77,  85. 

Next  to  the  preceding  in  abundance,  and  one  of  the  prettiest  of  the 
genus.  In  this  State  it  is  on  the  wing  from  May  25  until  October, 
and  frequents  open  woods  Avhere  flowers  abound. 

•81.     (505.)     PAMPHILA  MANATAAQUA,  Scudd.     The  Cross  Line  Skipper. 
Pamphila  manataaqua,    French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Eut.  III.,  1878,  160. 

Id.,  But,  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  323. 
Limochores  manataaqua,  Scudder,  But.    E.   U.  S.  and   Can.,   II, 

1720;  III,  pis.  10,  32,  66,  73. 
Hesperia  cemes,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  316. 

Very  common  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  but  much  less  so  in 
the  southern,  where  it  has  been  taken  only  in  Vigo  County. 

82.  (506.)     PAMPHILA    VERNA,    Edw.     The    Vernal    Skipper.     The 

Little  Glass  Wing. 

Pamphila  verna,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  324. 
Euphyes  verna,    Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  II,  1742;   III, 

pis.  10,  31,  66,  77. 

Edwards  records  this* species  from  Indiana,  but  gives  no  locality.  It 
has  been  taken  by  Worthington  in  Lake  County.  Otherwise  unknown  in 
the  State. 

83.  (507.)     PAMPHILA  VESTFIS,  Bd. 

Hesperia  vestris,    Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  109. 

Pamphila  vestri*,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  325. 
Two  males  of  this  species  are  in  the  writer's  collection,  one  of  which 
was  taken  in  Monroe,  the  other  in  Putnam  County,  both  in  the  month  of 
August,  from  the  flowers  of  iron  weed.  One  was  sent  to  Edwards  for 
verification,  as  it  had  been  taken  before  only  in  California,  Colorado  and 
Florida. 


88 

84.  (508.)     PAMPHILA  METACOMET,  Harris.     The  Metacoraet  Skipper, 

Hesperia  metacomet,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  317. 

Morris,  Lep.  N.  A .,  1862,  111. 

Pamphtiametacomet,  French,  Sev..  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,161. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  326. 
Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  Dec.,  1886,  62. 
Euphyes  metacomet,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  II,  1739; 

III,  pis.  10,  31,  66. 

Taken  occasionally  in  all  parts  of  the  State,  but  scarce  where  found. 
The  spots  on  the  under  side  of  the  hind  wing  are  wanting  more  often 
than  they  are  present. 

85.  (510.)     PAMPHILA  ACCIUS,  Sm.-Abb.     The  Accius  Skipper.     The 

Clouded  Skipper. 
Pamphila  accim,  French,  But,  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  327. 

Blatchley.  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  December,  1886,  62. 
Lerema  acciiis,     Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  II,  1768 ;  III, 

pis.  17,  32,  66,  77,  85. 

This  is  a  species  of  southern  range.  It  was  taken  by  the  writer  in 
Monroe  County  on  July  3,  1886,  two  worn  specimens  being  secured. 

86.  (517.)     PAMPHILA  OOOLA,  Edw.     The  Ocola  Skipper. 

Pamphila  ocola,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  332. 

Prenes  ocola,       Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  III,  p. 

1866. 

Recorded  by  Edwards  as  occurring  at  Whitings,  Lake  County,  where 
Worthington  has  found  it  in  small  numbers. 

87.  (523  )     PAMPHILA    BIMACULA,    Gr.-Rob.       The    Bright    Rayed 

Skipper. 

Pamphila  bimaada,    French,  But.  E.  U.  S.  I*<s6,  :>34. 
Limochores  bimacula,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  II,  1718; 

III,  pis.  10,  32. 

Rather  common  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  but  not  known  to 
occur  in  the  southern  half.  The  butterflies  may  be  taken  on  the  wing" 
during  July  and  August,  and  are  most  frequently  found  in  low,  damp 
meadows. 

88.  (524.)     PAMPHLLA   PONTIAO,  Edw.     The   Pontiac   Skipper.     The 

Black  Da*h. 

Pamphila  pontiac,     French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  18«6,  335. 
Limochores  pontiac,  Scudder,  But.  E.   U.  S.  and  Can.,   II,  1732; 

III,  pis.  17,  32. 

Taken  in  Jefferson  and  Lake  counties,  and,  therefore,  probably  found 
throughout  the  State.  It  has  a  northern  range,  and  Jefferson  County  is- 
the  most  southern  station  at  which  it  has  been  taken. 


39 

89.  (525.)     PAMPHILA  DION,  Edw.     The  Dion  Skipper. 

Pamphila  dion,        French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,^337. 

Limochores  palatka,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  III,  p, 

1863. 

A  northern  butterfly  recorded  by  Edwards,  from  Lake  County,  where 
it  has  been  collected  by  Worthirigton. 

90.  (530.)     PAMPHILA  DELAWARE,  Edw.     The  Delaware  Skipper. 

Pamphila  ddaware,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  342. 
Atrytone  logan,        Scudder,  But.  E.   U.  S.  and  Can.,   1889,  IIr 

1614;  III,  pis.  17,  80. 

Noted  in  three  widely  separated  counties,  and  probably  it  is  to  be  found 
all  over  the  State.     Scarce. 

91.  (534)     PAMPHILA  OSYKA,  Edw.     The  Osyka  Skipper. 

Pamphila  osyka,  French,  But.  E.  U.'S.,  1886,  345. 
Euphyes  osyka,    Scudder,  But  E.  U.  S.   and  Can. ,  1889,  III,  p. 
1865. 

Recorded  by  Edwards,  from  Whitings,  Lake  County.     Locality  verified 
by  Worthingtou,  who  reports  it  rare. 

92.  (538.)     PAMPHILA  FUSCA,  Gr.-Rob.     The  Dusky  Skipper. 

Pamphila- fusca,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S  ,  1886,  346. 
A  single  specimen  taken  by  the  writer,  in  Monroe  County,  was  referred1 
to  this  species,  and   the  identification  was  verified   by  Mr.   Edwards,  to 
whom  it  was  sent.     It  has  hitherto  been  collected  only  in  the  Gulf  States- 

93.  (540.)     PAMPHILA  HIANNA,  Scudd.     The  Hianua  Skipper.     The 

Dusted  Skipper. 

Pamphila  hianna,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  347. 
Lerema  Manna,      Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,   1889,   IIT 

1771 ;  III,  pis.  17,  32,  66,  77,  85. 
Lake  County,  Lagrange  County.     Rare.     Not  taken  south. 

94.  (541.)     PAMPHILA    VIATOR,    Edw.      The    Viator    Skipper.     The 

Broad-winged  Skipper. 

Pamphila  viator,     French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  347. 
Phycanassa  viator,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.   and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

1604;  III,  pis.  17,  30,  59. 

Taken  in  Putnam  and  Lake  Counties,  but  not  elsewhere.    Scarce.    The 
habits  and  food  plants  are  unknown. 


40 


-      AMBLYSCIRTES,  Speyer. 

95.     (542.)     AMBLYSCIRTES  VIALIS,  Edw.     The  Roadside  Skipper. 
Amblyscirtes  vialis,  French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Eut.  111.,  1878,  161. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S:,  1886,  348. 
Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat  ,  II,  Dec  ,  1886,  62. 
Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1889,  II,  1582;  III, 

pis.  10,  29,  66,  77,  85. 

This  neat  little  butterfly  is  frequent  in  the  southern  part  of  the  State, 
but  seems  to  be  unknown  in  the  northern.  It  is  found  from  May  10  till 
September,  along  shady  roads  and  fence  rows,  and  is  especially  attracted 
by  the  flowers  of  ground  ivy,  Nepeta  (jlechoma.  The  larvse  feed  upon 
grass.  There  are  often  four  anteapical  dots  on  fore  wing?,  instead  of 
three,  the  number  given  in  the  descriptions  cited  above. 


PYRGUS,  Westwood. 

96.  (554.)     PYRGUS  TESSELLATA,  Scud.     The  Tessellated  Skipper. 

Pyryus  tessellata,        French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  161. 

Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  352,  fig.  86. 
Syrickthus  ottus,         Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  121. 
Hesperia  montivago,  Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

1536 ;  III,  pis.  15,  29,  77,  85. 

This  species  should  occur  throughout  the  State,  but  has  been  taken 
only  in  Vigo  and  Jefferson  Counties  in  the  southern  half.  It  appears 
most  common  in  late  fall,  when  it  is  found  about  the  borders  of  streams 
and  thickets.  The  food  plants  are  different  species  of  the  Malvacece,  as 
hollyhock  and  Indian  mallow,  and  the  winter  is  supposed  to  be  passed 
in  chrysalis. 

NISONIADES,  Speyer. 

97.  (561.)     NISONIADES  BRI/O,  Bd.-Lec.     The  Brizo  Skipper. 

Thanaos  brizo,       Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  309,  fig.  132. 

Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  II,  1500; 

III,  pis.  9,  13,  28,  77,  85. 
Mnoniades  brizo,     Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  114. 

French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  354. 

Vigo  and  Lake  counties.  Probably  throughout  the  State,  but  rare. 
Most  commonly  met  with  in  midsummer  and  early  fall  in  low  ground 
meadows.  The  larvse,  according  to  Harris,  feed  upon  leguminous 
plants,  such  as  Ijatliyrus,  or  vetchling,  and  the  ground  nut,  Apios  tube- 


41 

98.  (562.)     NISONIADES  ICELUS,  Lintn.     The  Dreamy  Dusky  Wing. 

Nisoniades  icelus,  French,  But.  E.  U.  8.,  1886,  355. 

Thanaos  icelus,      Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  8.  and  Can. ,  II,   1507 ; 

III,  pis.  9,  28,  77,  85. 

Frequent  in  the  northern  half  of  the  State,  but  not  yet  taken  in  the 
southern.  Habits  same  as  preceding.  Food  plants,  aspen,  Pojndus 
tremidoides,  and  willow.  It  is  single  brooded  and  hibernates  as  a  full 
fed  larva  in  a  nest  which  it  forms  from  a  leaf  and  lines  with  silk. 

99.  (564.)     NISONIADES  LUCILIUS,  Lintn.     Lucilius's  Dusky  Wing. 

Thanaos  Inciting,      French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  161. 

Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  8.  and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

1458;  HE,  pis.  9,  28,  77,  82. 

Xltumades  lucilius,  French,  But.  E.  U.  8.,  1886,  357. 
Putnam  and  Lake  counties.     Scarce.     Probably  elsewhere  as  its  food 
plant,  Aquilegia  canadensis,  or  wild  columbine,  is  found  in  all  parts  of 
the  State.     It  winters  as  larva  and  the  imago  may  be  taken  from  May 
to  September. 

100.  (565.)     NISONIADES  PERSIUS,  Scudd.     Persiua's  Dusky  Wing. 
Xisoniades penius,  Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp.,  V,  1875,  786. 

French,  But.  E.  U.  8.,  1886,  359. 
Thanaos  persius,      Scudder,  But.  E.   U.  8.  and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

1468 ,  III,  pis.  9,  28,  66,  77,  85. 

Known  to  occur  only  in  Lake  County,  but  is  probably  present  through- 
out. Food  plants,  willow  and  poplar. 

"  The  butterfly  is  fond  of  alighting  on  wet  sand,  and  may  most  fre- 
quently be  found  by  shady  roadsides,  near  woods.  It  flies  with  a  strong, 
rapid  movement,  especially  when  disturbed,  and  seldom  passes  from  one 
spot  to  an  adjacent  one  without  describing  several  irregular,  rapid  circles. 
At  such  a  time  it  rarely  rises  more  than  two  or  three  inches  above  the 
ground." — SCUDDER. 

101.  (569.)     NISONIADES  MA.RTIALIS,  Scud.     Martial's  Dusky  Wing. 
Nisoniades  martialw,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S,  1886,  362. 
Thanaos  martialis,      Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  8.  and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

1493;  III,  pis.  9,28,  66,  77,  85. 

A  rather  frequent  species  in  most,  parts  of  the  State.  It  may  be  taken 
in  June  and  July,  in  high,  open  woods  and  copses. 

102.  (570.)     NISONIADES  JUVENALIS,  Fab.     Juvenal's  Skipper. 
Thanaos  juvenalis,       Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  309. 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  Ill,  1878,  162. 
Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  8.  and  Can.,  II,  1476; 
III,  pis.  9,  28,  77,  85. 


42 

Nisoniqdes  juvenalis,  Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  114. 

French,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  363. 
Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  Dec.  1886,  62. 

This  seems  to  be  the  most  common  species  of  the  genus  within  our 
limits,  having  been  taken  in  all  parts  of  the  State.  Itg  habits,  and  food 
plants,  with  the  addition  of  oak,  are  essentially  the  same  as  those  of 
N.  brizo.  It  winters  as  larva,  and  there  are  two  broods  each  season. 

PHOLISORA,  Speyer. 

103.  (580.)     PHOLISORA  CATULLUS,  Fab.     The  Sooty  Wing. 
Nisoniades  catullus,  Morris,  L'ep.  N.  A.,  1862,  115. 
Pholisora  catuUus,     Mead,  Rep.  Wheeler  Exp.,  V.  1875,  787. 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  162. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  367,  fig.  87. 
Blatchley,  Hoos.- Nat.,  II,  Dec.,  1886,  62. 
Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

1519;  III,  pis.  9,29,66,77,85. 

Very  common  in  the  southern  counties,  but  less  so  north.  Its  favorite 
resorts  are  the  damp,  sandy  places  along  streams  where  it  may  be  taken 
in  numbers  from  May  to  September. 

The  number,  position,  and  size  of  the  white  spots  on  the  fore  wings 
vary  exceedii  gly.  The  larvse  feed  upon  the  various  species  of  Monarda, 
Chenopodium  and  Ambrosia,  and  those  of  the  second  brood  of  the  season 
hibernate  in  nests  which  they  form  of  a  folded  leaf. 

104.  (583.)     PHOLISORA  HAYHURSTK,   Edw.     The    Southern    Sooty- 

wing. 
Pholisora  Jiayhurstii,  French,  But,  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  3(57. 

Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  III, 

1857. 

Most  common  in  southern  counties,  but  found  in  small  numbers 
throughout.  Its  habits  are  the  same  as  those  of  the  preceding.  Food 
plant,  unknown,  but  probably  pigweed,  Chenopodium  album. 

EUDAMtJS,  Swainsou. 

105.  (588.)     EUDAMUS  PYLADES,  Scud.-   The  Northern  Cloudy-wing. 
Eudamw  pyMes,  French,  But.  E.  U.  S  ,  1886,  368,  fig.  88. 
Th<yrybes  pylades,  Scudder,  But.  E.   U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

1436 ;  III,  pis.  9,  13,  27,  66,  76,  85. 
Eudamus  bathyUus,  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.,  1862,  312,  fig.  132. 
Rather  rare,  but  has  been  taken  in  four  counties.     It  flies  during  June 
and  July  in  meadows  and  along  the  edges  of  woods.     Food  plants,  are 
clover,  ground-nut,  etc. 


43 

106.  (590).     EUDAMUS  BATHYLLUS,  Sm.-Abb.     The  Southern  Cloudy- 

wing. 

Hesperia  bathyllus,   Morris,  Lep.  N.  A.,  1862,  106. 
Eudamm  bathyllus,  French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  162. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  369. 
Packard,  Guide,  1883,  269. 
Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  1886,  62. 
Tlwrybes  bathyllus,    Scudder,  But.  E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,  1889,  II, 

1432 ;  in,  pis.  17,  27,  66,  76,  85. 

Also  a  rare  •  species,  but  probably  found  throughout.  It  frequents 
fence  rows  and  thickets  from  May  1 5  to  September,  and  has  been  taken 
in  Monroe,  Randolph  and  Lake  counties.  The  larvse  feed  upon  different 
species  of  Leguminosce. 

107.  (595.)     EUDAMUS  LYCIDAS,  Sm.-Abb.     The  Hoary  Edge. 
Hesperia  lyeidas,   Morris,  Lep.  N.  A. ,  1862,  106. 
Eudamus  lycidas,  French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  162. 

Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  370. 
Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  December,  1886,  63. 
Aehalanis  lyeidas,  Scudder,    But.  E.  U.  S.  and   Can.,   1889,   II, 
1418;  III,  pis.  9,  27,  66,  76,  85. 

Rather  frequent  throughout.  Most  common  in  brier  patches  and  along 
the  border  of  woods.  May  to  September.  The  larv?e  feed  upon  De*mo- 
dium  and  allied  plants,  and  the  winter  is  passed  in  chrysalis. 

108.  (599.)      EUDAMUS  TITYRUS,  Fab.     The   Tityrus  Skipper.      The 

Silver  Spot. 
Eudamus  tityrus,    Harris,  Ins.  luj.,  1862,  310,  figs.  133,  134,  pi. 

V,  fig.  1. 

French,  Sev.  Rep.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1878,  163. 
Id.,  But.  E.  U.  S.,  1886,  374,  figs.  89,  90. 
Packard,  Guide,  1883,  269. 
Blatchley,  Hoos.  Nat.,  II,  Dec.  1886,  62. 
Goniloba  tityrus,     Morris,  Lep,  N.  A.,  1862,  112. 
Epargyrem tityrus, Scudder,  But,   E.  U.  S.  and  Can.,   1889,  H 

1399 ;  III,  pis.  9,  15,  27,  76,  82,  85. 

Common  in  all  parts  of  the  'State.  The  larvre  feed  upon  the  leaves  of 
many  leguminous  plants,  chief  among  which  is  the  common  locust,  and 
the  butterfly  may  usually  be  found  near  those  trees,  or  hovering  over 
some  bright  colored  flower  in  yard  or  garden.  Another  favorite  resort  is 
a  clump  of  blackberry  bushes,  about  which  it  will  flit  for  hours  on  a  hot 
day  in  midsummer.  In  Indiana  it  is  single  brooded,  and  hibernates  in 
the  chrysalis.  In  the  spring  of  1891  the  first  specimen  was  token  May 


44 

10,  and  from  that  date  onward  it  was  frequently  seen,  even  in  the  streets 
•of  the  city  of  Terre  Haute. 

*** 

Collectors  should  be  on  the  lookout  for  the  following  species  whose 
range,  according  to  Edwards,  includes  Indiana  or  territory  adjacent  to 
Indiana,  but  which  have  not  as  yet  been  taken  within  the  State : 

1.  Terias  mexicana,  Bd.     Taken  in  Iowa  and  Illinois. 

2.  Melitcea  hwrisii,  Scudd.     New  England  to  Wisconsin. 

3.  Phyciodes  batesii,  Peak.     Ohio. 

4.  Phyciodes  carlota,  Peak.     Southern  and  "Western  States.  *  W.  Va. 

5.  Graptafaunus,  Edw.     Atlantic  to  Pacific.     (Northern  range.) 

6.  Limenitis  dissippus  floridensis,  Str.     Illinois. 

7.  Neonympha  sosybius,  Fab.     Mississippi  Valley. 

8.  Calephelis  borecdis,  Gr.-Rob.     New  York  to  Illinois. 

9.  Thecla  acadica,  Edw.     Northern  States. 

10.  Thecla  irus,  Godt.     Atlantic  and  Western  States. 

11.  Thecla  niphon,  Hub.     Atlantic  and  Western  States. 

12.  Theda  keta,  Edw.     Atlantic  and  Western  States. 

13.  Lyccena  lygdamas,  Doubl.     Michigan,  Wisconsin  to  Georgia. 

14.  Lyccena  scudderii,  Edw.     New  York  to  Wisconsin. 

15.  Lyccena  striata,  Edw.     Texas  to  Wisconsin. 

16.  Carterocephalas  omaha,  Edw.     West  Virginia  to  Colorado. 

17.  Pamphila  metea,  Scudd.     New  York  to  Colorado. 

18.  Pamphila  uncos,  Edw.     Delaware  to  Dakota. 

19.  Pamphila  seminole,  Scudd.     New  York  to  Iowa. 

20.  Pamphila  lemiardus,  Harr.     New  England  to  Kansas. 

21.  Pamphila  mystic,  Scudd.     Wisconsin,  Illinois  and  Michigan 

22.  Amblyscirtes  samoset,  Scudd.     Mississippi  Valley. 

23.  Pyrgus  centamece,  Ramb.     New  York  to  Colorado. 
JUNE  25,  1891. 


INDKX  TO  GKNKRA. 


PAGE, 

Agraulis 12 

Amblyscirtes.    .• 40,  44 

Ancyloxypha 34 

Anthocharis 8 

Apatura * 24 

Argynnis 2,  13 

Calephelis.    .   .    .  ' 44 

Callidryas 9 

Carterocephalus .    . 44 

Chrysophanus 31 

Colias » 

Danais 12 

Debis 25 

Eudamus 42 

Euptoieta 16 

Feniaeca 31 

Grapta 17,44 

Junonia 22 

Lileythea 27 

Limenitis 22,  44 

Lycfena 32,  44 

Melitjea 16,44 

Nathalie 

Neonympha 26,  44 

Nisoniades 40 

Pamphila 34,  44 

Paphia  .    . 25 

Paprlo 

Pholisora 42 

Phyciodea 17,44 

Pieris 

Pyrameis 20 

Pyrgus 40,  44 

Satyrus 26 

Teria« ",« 

Thecla 28-  44 

Thymelicus ;    •    •    • 

VanesBa '  ^ 


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